java api shell_HBase的Shell命令和JavaAPI

HBase的shell操作和JavaAPI的使用：

Shell

表操作

创建表

create 'student','info' #表名 列族

插入表

put 'student','1001','info:sex','male'

put 'student','1001','info:age','18'

put 'student','1002','info:name','Janna'

put 'student','1002','info:sex','female'

put 'student','1002','info:age','20'

查看表数据

scan 'student'

scan 'student',{STARTROW => '1001', STOPROW => '1002'} #左闭右开

scan 'student',{STARTROW => '1001'}

查看表结构

describe 'student'

desc 'student' #效果相同

更新指定字段

put 'student','1001','info:name','Nick'

put 'student','1001','info:age','100' # 表明 rowkey 列族:列 值

查看指定行数据

get 'student','1001'

统计表行数

count 'student'

删除数据

deleteall 'student','1001'

删除rowkey的某一列

delete 'student','1002','info:sex'

清空数据

truncate 'student'

#表的操作顺序为先disable，然后再truncate。

删除表

disable 'student'

表更表信息

alter 'student',{NAME=>'info',VERSIONS=>3} ##将info列族中的数据存放3个版本：

Java API

环境准备

org.apache.hbase

hbase-server

1.3.1

org.apache.hbase

hbase-client

1.3.1

HBaseAPI

获取Configuration对象

public static Configuration conf;

static{

//使用HBaseConfiguration的单例方法实例化

conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();

conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "192.168.1.101"); ## 换成自己的ZK节点IP

conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort", "2181");

}

判断表是否存在

public static boolean isTableExist(String tableName) throws MasterNotRunningException,

ZooKeeperConnectionException, IOException{

//在HBase中管理、访问表需要先创建HBaseAdmin对象

HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);

return admin.tableExists(tableName);

}

创建表

public static void createTable(String tableName, String... columnFamily) throws

MasterNotRunningException, ZooKeeperConnectionException, IOException{

HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);

//判断表是否存在

if(isTableExist(tableName)){

System.out.println("表" + tableName + "已存在");

//System.exit(0);

}else{

//创建表属性对象,表名需要转字节

HTableDescriptor descriptor = new HTableDescriptor(TableName.valueOf(tableName));

//创建多个列族

for(String cf : columnFamily){

descriptor.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor(cf));

}

//根据对表的配置，创建表

admin.createTable(descriptor);

System.out.println("表" + tableName + "创建成功！");

}

}

删除表

public static void dropTable(String tableName) throws MasterNotRunningException,

ZooKeeperConnectionException, IOException{

HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);

if(isTableExist(tableName)){

admin.disableTable(tableName);

admin.deleteTable(tableName);

System.out.println("表" + tableName + "删除成功！");

}else{

System.out.println("表" + tableName + "不存在！");

}

}

插入数据

public static void addRowData(String tableName, String rowKey, String columnFamily, String

column, String value) throws IOException{

//创建HTable对象

HTable hTable = new HTable(conf, tableName);

//向表中插入数据

Put put = new Put(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));

//向Put对象中组装数据

put.add(Bytes.toBytes(columnFamily), Bytes.toBytes(column), Bytes.toBytes(value));

hTable.put(put);

hTable.close();

System.out.println("插入数据成功");

}

删除多行数据

public static void deleteMultiRow(String tableName, String... rows) throws IOException{

HTable hTable = new HTable(conf, tableName);

List deleteList = new ArrayList();

for(String row : rows){

Delete delete = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes(row));

deleteList.add(delete);

}

hTable.delete(deleteList);

hTable.close();

}

获取所有数据

public static void getAllRows(String tableName) throws IOException{

HTable hTable = new HTable(conf, tableName);

//得到用于扫描region的对象

Scan scan = new Scan();

//使用HTable得到resultcanner实现类的对象

ResultScanner resultScanner = hTable.getScanner(scan);

for(Result result : resultScanner){

Cell[] cells = result.rawCells();

for(Cell cell : cells){

//得到rowkey

System.out.println("行键:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneRow(cell)));

//得到列族

System.out.println("列族" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell)));

System.out.println("列:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)));

System.out.println("值:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell)));

}

}

}

获取某一行数据

public static void getRow(String tableName, String rowKey) throws IOException{

HTable table = new HTable(conf, tableName);

Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));

//get.setMaxVersions();显示所有版本

//get.setTimeStamp();显示指定时间戳的版本

Result result = table.get(get);

for(Cell cell : result.rawCells()){

System.out.println("行键:" + Bytes.toString(result.getRow()));

System.out.println("列族" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell)));

System.out.println("列:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)));

System.out.println("值:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell)));

System.out.println("时间戳:" + cell.getTimestamp());

}

}

获取某一行指定“列族:列”的数据

public static void getRowQualifier(String tableName, String rowKey, String family, String

qualifier) throws IOException{

HTable table = new HTable(conf, tableName);

Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));

get.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes(family), Bytes.toBytes(qualifier));

Result result = table.get(get);

for(Cell cell : result.rawCells()){

System.out.println("行键:" + Bytes.toString(result.getRow()));

System.out.println("列族" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneFamily(cell)));

System.out.println("列:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneQualifier(cell)));

System.out.println("值:" + Bytes.toString(CellUtil.cloneValue(cell)));

}

}

MapReduce

HBase的相关JavaAPI，可以实现伴随HBase操作的MapReduce过程，使用MapReduce将数据从本地文件系统导入到HBase的表中或者从HBase中读取一些原始数据后使用MapReduce做数据分析。

Hive集成Hbase

编译:hive-hbase-handler-1.2.2.jar

ln -s $HBASE_HOME/lib/hbase-common-1.3.1.jar $HIVE_HOME/lib/hbase-common-1.3.1.jar

ln -s $HBASE_HOME/lib/hbase-server-1.3.1.jar $HIVE_HOME/lib/hbase-server-1.3.1.jar

ln -s $HBASE_HOME/lib/hbase-client-1.3.1.jar $HIVE_HOME/lib/hbase-client-1.3.1.jar

ln -s $HBASE_HOME/lib/hbase-protocol-1.3.1.jar $HIVE_HOME/lib/hbase-protocol-1.3.1.jar

ln -s $HBASE_HOME/lib/hbase-it-1.3.1.jar $HIVE_HOME/lib/hbase-it-1.3.1.jar

ln -s $HBASE_HOME/lib/htrace-core-3.1.0-incubating.jar $HIVE_HOME/lib/htrace-core-3.1.0-incubating.jar

ln -s $HBASE_HOME/lib/hbase-hadoop2-compat-1.3.1.jar $HIVE_HOME/lib/hbase-hadoop2-compat-1.3.1.jar

ln -s $HBASE_HOME/lib/hbase-hadoop-compat-1.3.1.jar $HIVE_HOME/lib/hbase-hadoop-compat-1.3.1.jar

hive-site.xml中修改zookeeper的属性，如下：

hive.zookeeper.quorum

datanode1,datanode2,datanode3

The list of ZooKeeper servers to talk to. This is only needed for read/write locks.

hive.zookeeper.client.port

2181

The port of ZooKeeper servers to talk to. This is only needed for read/write locks.

案例

创建hive关联表

CREATE TABLE hive_hbase_emp_table(

empno int,

ename string,

job string,

mgr int,

hiredate string,

sal double,

comm double,

deptno int)

STORED BY 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler'

WITH SERDEPROPERTIES ("hbase.columns.mapping" = ":key,info:ename,info:job,info:mgr,info:hiredate,info:sal,info:comm,info:deptno")

TBLPROPERTIES ("hbase.table.name" = "hbase_hive_emp_table_");

在Hive中创建临时中间表，用于load文件中的数据

CREATE TABLE emp(

empno int,

ename string,

job string,

mgr int,

hiredate string,

sal double,

comm double,

deptno int)

row format delimited fields terminated by ',';

向Hive中间表中load数据

load data local inpath '/home/hadoop/emp.csv' into table emp;

通过insert命令将中间表中的数据导入到Hive关联HBase的那张表中

insert into table hive_hbase_emp_table select * from emp;

查看HIVE表

select * from hive_hbase_emp_table;

查看HBase表

scan ‘hbase_emp_table’

在HBase中已经存储了某一张表hbase_emp_table，然后在Hive中创建一个外部表来关联HBase中的hbase_emp_table这张表，使之可以借助Hive来分析HBase这张表中的数据。

Hive创建表

CREATE EXTERNAL TABLE relevance_hbase_emp(

empno int,

ename string,

job string,

mgr int,

hiredate string,

sal double,

comm double,

deptno int)

STORED BY

'org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler'

WITH SERDEPROPERTIES ("hbase.columns.mapping" =

":key,info:ename,info:job,info:mgr,info:hiredate,info:sal,info:comm,info:deptno")

TBLPROPERTIES ("hbase.table.name" = "hbase_emp_table");

关联后就可以使用Hive函数进行一些分析操作了

select * from relevance_hbase_emp;