c语言常用数据结构有哪几种,C语言实现常用数据结构(一)

C语言实现常用数据结构

实现了链表,栈、哈希表等

哈希表由数组加链表实现。通过计算key的哈希值,将哈希值转成int类型并与数组长度进行与运算得到数组下标,数组每个元素都是一个链表,默认为NULL。

通过InitHashTable函数得到初始化的哈希表。已实现功能有:添加键值、删除键值、根据键获取值,清理所有键值对、回收哈希表,可以根据例子遍历键值。

Key可以扩展为任何类型,但需要实现相应类型HashCode的算法,此处只支持字符串类型。

md5.h

#pragma once

#ifndef MD5_H

#define MD5_H

typedef struct

{

unsigned int count[2];

unsigned int state[4];

unsigned char buffer[64];

}MD5_CTX;

#define F(x,y,z) ((x & y) | (~x & z))

#define G(x,y,z) ((x & z) | (y & ~z))

#define H(x,y,z) (x^y^z)

#define I(x,y,z) (y ^ (x | ~z))

#define ROTATE_LEFT(x,n) ((x << n) | (x >> (32-n)))

#define FF(a,b,c,d,x,s,ac) \

{ \

a += F(b,c,d) + x + ac; \

a = ROTATE_LEFT(a,s); \

a += b; \

}

#define GG(a,b,c,d,x,s,ac) \

{ \

a += G(b,c,d) + x + ac; \

a = ROTATE_LEFT(a,s); \

a += b; \

}

#define HH(a,b,c,d,x,s,ac) \

{ \

a += H(b,c,d) + x + ac; \

a = ROTATE_LEFT(a,s); \

a += b; \

}

#define II(a,b,c,d,x,s,ac) \

{ \

a += I(b,c,d) + x + ac; \

a = ROTATE_LEFT(a,s); \

a += b; \

}

void MD5Init(MD5_CTX *context);

void MD5Update(MD5_CTX *context, unsigned char *input, unsigned int inputlen);

void MD5Final(MD5_CTX *context, unsigned char digest[16]);

void MD5Transform(unsigned int state[4], unsigned char block[64]);

void MD5Encode(unsigned char *output, unsigned int *input, unsigned int len);

void MD5Decode(unsigned int *output, unsigned char *input, unsigned int len);

#endif

md5.c

#include

#include "md5.h"

unsigned char PADDING[] = { 0x80,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,

0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 };

void MD5Init(MD5_CTX *context)

{

context->count[0] = 0;

context->count[1] = 0;

context->state[0] = 0x67452301;

context->state[1] = 0xEFCDAB89;

context->state[2] = 0x98BADCFE;

context->state[3] = 0x10325476;

}

void MD5Update(MD5_CTX *context, unsigned char *input, unsigned int inputlen)

{

unsigned int i = 0, index = 0, partlen = 0;

index = (context->count[0] >> 3) & 0x3F;

partlen = 64 - index;

context->count[0] += inputlen << 3;

if (context->count[0] < (inputlen << 3))

context->count[1]++;

context->count[1] += inputlen >> 29;

if (inputlen >= partlen)

{

memcpy(&context->buffer[index], input, partlen);

MD5Transform(context->state, context->buffer);

for (i = partlen; i + 64 <= inputlen; i += 64)

MD5Transform(context->state, &input[i]);

index = 0;

}

else

{

i = 0;

}

memcpy(&context->buffer[index], &input[i], inputlen - i);

}

void MD5Final(MD5_CTX *context, unsigned char digest[16])

{

unsigned int index = 0, padlen = 0;

unsigned char bits[8];

index = (context->count[0] >> 3) & 0x3F;

padlen = (index < 56) ? (56 - index) : (120 - index);

MD5Encode(bits, context->count, 8);

MD5Update(context, PADDING, padlen);

MD5Update(context, bits, 8);

MD5Encode(digest, context->state, 16);

}

void MD5Encode(unsigned char *output, unsigned int *input, unsigned int len)

{

unsigned int i = 0, j = 0;

while (j < len)

{

output[j] = input[i] & 0xFF;

output[j + 1] = (input[i] >> 8) & 0xFF;

output[j + 2] = (input[i] >> 16) & 0xFF;

output[j + 3] = (input[i] >> 24) & 0xFF;

i++;

j += 4;

}

}

void MD5Decode(unsigned int *output, unsigned char *input, unsigned int len)

{

unsigned int i = 0, j = 0;

while (j < len)

{

output[i] = (input[j]) |

(input[j + 1] << 8) |

(input[j + 2] << 16) |

(input[j + 3] << 24);

i++;

j += 4;

}

}

void MD5Transform(unsigned int state[4], unsigned char block[64])

{

unsigned int a = state[0];

unsigned int b = state[1];

unsigned int c = state[2];

unsigned int d = state[3];

unsigned int x[64];

MD5Decode(x, block, 64);

FF(a, b, c, d, x[0], 7, 0xd76aa478); /* 1 */

FF(d, a, b, c, x[1], 12, 0xe8c7b756); /* 2 */

FF(c, d, a, b, x[2], 17, 0x242070db); /* 3 */

FF(b, c, d, a, x[3], 22, 0xc1bdceee); /* 4 */

FF(a, b, c, d, x[4], 7, 0xf57c0faf); /* 5 */

FF(d, a, b, c, x[5], 12, 0x4787c62a); /* 6 */

FF(c, d, a, b, x[6], 17, 0xa8304613); /* 7 */

FF(b, c, d, a, x[7], 22, 0xfd469501); /* 8 */

FF(a, b, c, d, x[8], 7, 0x698098d8); /* 9 */

FF(d, a, b, c, x[9], 12, 0x8b44f7af); /* 10 */

FF(c, d, a, b, x[10], 17, 0xffff5bb1); /* 11 */

FF(b, c, d, a, x[11], 22, 0x895cd7be); /* 12 */

FF(a, b, c, d, x[12], 7, 0x6b901122); /* 13 */

FF(d, a, b, c, x[13], 12, 0xfd987193); /* 14 */

FF(c, d, a, b, x[14], 17, 0xa679438e); /* 15 */

FF(b, c, d, a, x[15], 22, 0x49b40821); /* 16 */

/* Round 2 */

GG(a, b, c, d, x[1], 5, 0xf61e2562); /* 17 */

GG(d, a, b, c, x[6], 9, 0xc040b340); /* 18 */

GG(c, d, a, b, x[11], 14, 0x265e5a51); /* 19 */

GG(b, c, d, a, x[0], 20, 0xe9b6c7aa); /* 20 */

GG(a, b, c, d, x[5], 5, 0xd62f105d); /* 21 */

GG(d, a, b, c, x[10], 9, 0x2441453); /* 22 */

GG(c, d, a, b, x[15], 14, 0xd8a1e681); /* 23 */

GG(b, c, d, a, x[4], 20, 0xe7d3fbc8); /* 24 */

GG(a, b, c, d, x[9], 5, 0x21e1cde6); /* 25 */

GG(d, a, b, c, x[14], 9, 0xc33707d6); /* 26 */

GG(c, d, a, b, x[3], 14, 0xf4d50d87); /* 27 */

GG(b, c, d, a, x[8], 20, 0x455a14ed); /* 28 */

GG(a, b, c, d, x[13], 5, 0xa9e3e905); /* 29 */

GG(d, a, b, c, x[2], 9, 0xfcefa3f8); /* 30 */

GG(c, d, a, b, x[7], 14, 0x676f02d9); /* 31 */

GG(b, c, d, a, x[12], 20, 0x8d2a4c8a); /* 32 */

/* Round 3 */

HH(a, b, c, d, x[5], 4, 0xfffa3942); /* 33 */

HH(d, a, b, c, x[8], 11, 0x8771f681); /* 34 */

HH(c, d, a, b, x[11], 16, 0x6d9d6122); /* 35 */

HH(b, c, d, a, x[14], 23, 0xfde5380c); /* 36 */

HH(a, b, c, d, x[1], 4, 0xa4beea44); /* 37 */

HH(d, a, b, c, x[4], 11, 0x4bdecfa9); /* 38 */

HH(c, d, a, b, x[7], 16, 0xf6bb4b60); /* 39 */

HH(b, c, d, a, x[10], 23, 0xbebfbc70); /* 40 */

HH(a, b, c, d, x[13], 4, 0x289b7ec6); /* 41 */

HH(d, a, b, c, x[0], 11, 0xeaa127fa); /* 42 */

HH(c, d, a, b, x[3], 16, 0xd4ef3085); /* 43 */

HH(b, c, d, a, x[6], 23, 0x4881d05); /* 44 */

HH(a, b, c, d, x[9], 4, 0xd9d4d039); /* 45 */

HH(d, a, b, c, x[12], 11, 0xe6db99e5); /* 46 */

HH(c, d, a, b, x[15], 16, 0x1fa27cf8); /* 47 */

HH(b, c, d, a, x[2], 23, 0xc4ac5665); /* 48 */

/* Round 4 */

II(a, b, c, d, x[0], 6, 0xf4292244); /* 49 */

II(d, a, b, c, x[7], 10, 0x432aff97); /* 50 */

II(c, d, a, b, x[14], 15, 0xab9423a7); /* 51 */

II(b, c, d, a, x[5], 21, 0xfc93a039); /* 52 */

II(a, b, c, d, x[12], 6, 0x655b59c3); /* 53 */

II(d, a, b, c, x[3], 10, 0x8f0ccc92); /* 54 */

II(c, d, a, b, x[10], 15, 0xffeff47d); /* 55 */

II(b, c, d, a, x[1], 21, 0x85845dd1); /* 56 */

II(a, b, c, d, x[8], 6, 0x6fa87e4f); /* 57 */

II(d, a, b, c, x[15], 10, 0xfe2ce6e0); /* 58 */

II(c, d, a, b, x[6], 15, 0xa3014314); /* 59 */

II(b, c, d, a, x[13], 21, 0x4e0811a1); /* 60 */

II(a, b, c, d, x[4], 6, 0xf7537e82); /* 61 */

II(d, a, b, c, x[11], 10, 0xbd3af235); /* 62 */

II(c, d, a, b, x[2], 15, 0x2ad7d2bb); /* 63 */

II(b, c, d, a, x[9], 21, 0xeb86d391); /* 64 */

state[0] += a;

state[1] += b;

state[2] += c;

state[3] += d;

}

m_hashtable.h

#pragma once

#ifndef MaxHashTableLength

#include

#define MaxHashTableLength 16

typedef char* Key;

typedef void* Value;

typedef unsigned char byte;

byte* int2byte(int32_t num);

typedef struct HashElem

{

Key key;

Value value;

struct HashElem* next;

int linkLen;

}hash_elem;

typedef struct HashTable

{

hash_elem* data[MaxHashTableLength];

int size;

}hash_table;

unsigned char* GetHashCode(unsigned char* msg);

int GetTableIndex(unsigned char* hash_code);

hash_table* InitHashTable();

void ClearHashTable(hash_table* table);

void DestroyHashTable(hash_table** table);

void RemoveElem(hash_table* table, Key key);

void UpdateValue(hash_table* table, Key key, Value newValue);

hash_elem* GetElem(hash_table* table, Key key);

Value GetValue(hash_table* table, Key key);

#endif

m_hashtable.c

#pragma once

#include "m_hashtable.h"

#include

#include

#include "md5.h"

#include "Util.h";

unsigned char* GetHashCode(unsigned char* encrypt) //MD5加密

{

MD5_CTX md5;

uint8_t * decrypt = malloc(16);

MD5Init(&md5);

MD5Update(&md5, encrypt, strlen(encrypt));

MD5Final(&md5, decrypt);

//for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++) //测试打印

//{

// printf("%02x", decrypt[i]);

//}

//printf("\n");

return decrypt;

}

int GetTableIndex(unsigned char* hash_bytes) //将MD5码转成int,并限制在MaxHashTableLength - 1内

{

int hash_code = byte2int(hash_bytes); //MD5码转int

//sscanf_s(hash_bytes, "%d",hash_code);

return hash_code & (MaxHashTableLength - 1);

}

hash_table * InitHashTable()

{

hash_table* table = (hash_table*)malloc(sizeof(hash_table));

table->size = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < MaxHashTableLength; i++)

{

table->data[i] = NULL; //初始化地址

}

return table;

}

void ClearHashTable(hash_table* table)

{

for (int i = 0; i < MaxHashTableLength; i++)

{

hash_elem* temp = table->data[i];

if (temp == NULL)

{

continue;

}

int linkLen = temp->linkLen;

for (int j = 1; j < linkLen; j++) //回收首节点后续节点

{

hash_elem* node = temp;

hash_elem* pre = node;

for (int k = 1; k < temp->linkLen; k++) //找到倒数第一个节点

{

pre = &(*node);

node = node->next;

}

free(node); //回收最后一个节点内存

pre->next = NULL;

temp->linkLen--; //该条链表长度减一

}

free(temp); //回收该条链表首节点

table->data[i] = NULL;

}

}

void DestroyHashTable(hash_table** table)

{

ClearHashTable(*table);

free(*table);

*table = NULL;

}

void AddElem(hash_table* table, hash_elem * elem)

{

uint8_t* hash_code = GetHashCode(elem->key); //计算key的哈希值

int index = GetTableIndex(hash_code);

if (table->data[index] == NULL) //该节点未有数据,占用首节点

{

table->data[index] = elem;

elem->next = NULL;

elem->linkLen = 1;

}

else

{

hash_elem* origin = table->data[index];

if (m_str_cmp(origin->key, elem->key) == 0)//首节点比较key是否已存在

{

printf("key已存在,key=%s", elem->key);

return;

}

for (int i = 1; i < origin->linkLen; i++) //找到该链表最后一个节点

{

if (m_str_cmp(origin->key, elem->key) == 0)

{

printf("key已存在,key=%s", elem->key);

return;

}

origin = origin->next;

}

origin->next = elem;

elem->next = NULL;

table->data[index]->linkLen++;

}

table->size++;

}

void RemoveElem(hash_table * table, Key key)

{

uint8_t* hash_code = GetHashCode(key);

int index = GetTableIndex(hash_code);

if (table->data[index] == NULL)

{

printf("remove elem error,index=%d is null", index);

return;

}

hash_elem* current = table->data[index];

hash_elem* pre = current;

for (int i = 1; i <= table->data[index]->linkLen; i++)

{

if (m_str_cmp(current->key, key) == 0) //找到键了

{

if (current == pre)

{

table->data[index] = current->next; //首节点移除

int linkLen = current->linkLen; //获取这条链表长度

if (linkLen > 1)

{

table->data[index]->linkLen = linkLen - 1; //链表长度减1

}

else

{

table->data[index] = NULL;

}

free(current);

current = NULL;

}

else if (current->next != NULL) //中间节点移除,连接断续节点

{

pre->next = &(*current->next);

free(current);

current = NULL;

table->data[index]->linkLen--;

}

else

{

pre->next = NULL; //尾节点移除

free(current);

current = NULL;

table->data[index]->linkLen--;

}

table->size--;

return;

}

pre = &(*current);

current = current->next;

}

}

void UpdateValue(hash_table * table, Key key, Value newValue)

{

hash_elem* elem = GetElem(table, key);

if (elem==NULL)

{

printf("update value faild,key=%s is null", key);

return;

}

else

{

elem->value = newValue;

}

}

hash_elem * GetElem(hash_table * table, Key key)

{

uint8_t* hash_code = GetHashCode(key);

int index = GetTableIndex(hash_code);

if (table->data[index] == NULL)

{

printf("get value,index=%d is null", index);

return NULL;

}

hash_elem* current = table->data[index];

for (int i = 1; i <= table->data[index]->linkLen; i++)

{

if (m_str_cmp(current->key, key) == 0)

{

return current;

}

current = current->next;

}

printf("key not find,key=%s", key);

}

Value GetValue(hash_table* table, Key key)

{

hash_elem* elem = GetElem(table, key);

if (elem==NULL)

{

return NULL;

}

else

{

return elem->value;

}

}

int32_t byte2int(byte* bytes)

{

return (int)((((bytes[3] & 0xff) << 24)

| ((bytes[2] & 0xff) << 16)

| ((bytes[1] & 0xff) << 8) | ((bytes[0] & 0xff) << 0)));

}

测试使用

int main()

{

hash_table* table=InitHashTable();

hash_elem* elem = (hash_elem*)malloc(sizeof(hash_elem));

elem->key = "1";

elem->value = "my1";

AddElem(table, elem);

hash_elem* elem2= (hash_elem*)malloc(sizeof(hash_elem));

elem2->key = "2";

elem2->value = "my2";

AddElem(table, elem2);

hash_elem* elem3 = (hash_elem*)malloc(sizeof(hash_elem));

elem3->key = "3";

elem3->value = "my3";

AddElem(table, elem3);

//hash_elem* elem4 = (hash_elem*)malloc(sizeof(hash_elem));

//elem4->key = "asd";

//elem4->value = "my5";

//AddElem(table, elem4);

//RemoveElem(table,“1”);

//RemoveElem(table, "2");

RemoveElem(table, "3");

UpdateValue(table, "1", "hello");

//ClearHashTable(table);

//DestroyHashTable(&table);

if (table==NULL)

{

return;

}

for (int i = 0; i < MaxHashTableLength; i++)

{

hash_elem* temp = table->data[i];

if (temp==NULL)

{

continue;;

}

for (int j = 0; j < table->data[i]->linkLen; j++)

{

printf("\nkey=%s,value=%s",temp->key,temp->value);

temp = temp->next;

}

}

return 0;

}

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