Hi I would like to ask my fellow python users how they perform their linear fitting.
I have been searching for the last two weeks on methods/libraries to perform this task and I would like to share my experience:
If you want to perform a linear fitting based on the least-squares method you have many options. For example you can find classes in both numpy and scipy. Myself I have opted by the one presented by linfit (which follows the design of the linfit function in IDL):
This method assumes you are introducing the sigmas in your y-axis coordinates to fit your data.
However, if you have quantified the uncertainty in both the x and y axes there aren't so many options. (There is not IDL "Fitexy" equivalent in the main python scientific libraries). So far I have found only the "kmpfit" library to perform this task. Fortunately, it has a very complete website describing all its functionality:
If anyone knows additional approaches I would love to know them as well.
In any case I hope this helps.
解决方案
Orthogonal distance regression in Scipy allows you to do non-linear fitting using errors in both x and y.
Shown below is a simple example based on the example given on the scipy page. It attempts to fit a quadratic function to some randomised data.
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from scipy.odr import *
import random
# Initiate some data, giving some randomness using random.random().
x = np.array([0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
y = np.array([i**2 + random.random() for i in x])
x_err = np.array([random.random() for i in x])
y_err = np.array([random.random() for i in x])
# Define a function (quadratic in our case) to fit the data with.
def quad_func(p, x):
m, c = p
return m*x**2 + c
# Create a model for fitting.
quad_model = Model(quad_func)
# Create a RealData object using our initiated data from above.
data = RealData(x, y, sx=x_err, sy=y_err)
# Set up ODR with the model and data.
odr = ODR(data, quad_model, beta0=[0., 1.])
# Run the regression.
out = odr.run()
# Use the in-built pprint method to give us results.
out.pprint()
'''Beta: [ 1.01781493 0.48498006]
Beta Std Error: [ 0.00390799 0.03660941]
Beta Covariance: [[ 0.00241322 -0.01420883]
[-0.01420883 0.21177597]]
Residual Variance: 0.00632861634898189
Inverse Condition #: 0.4195196193536024
Reason(s) for Halting:
Sum of squares convergence'''
x_fit = np.linspace(x[0], x[-1], 1000)
y_fit = quad_func(out.beta, x_fit)
plt.errorbar(x, y, xerr=x_err, yerr=y_err, linestyle='None', marker='x')
plt.plot(x_fit, y_fit)
plt.show()