剑指offer中涉及到大数越界的题目的整理（待更）

剪绳子Ⅱ（medium难度）

https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/jian-sheng-zi-ii-lcof/

本题思路及代码的来源：
作者：jyd
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/fei-bo-na-qi-shu-lie-lcof/solution/mian-shi-ti-10-i-fei-bo-na-qi-shu-lie-dong-tai-gui/
来源：力扣（LeetCode）

注：

剪绳子Ⅰ（medium难度）传送门

剪绳子Ⅰ（解析）传送门

// 求 (x^a) % p —— 循环求余法。固定搭配建议背诵
   public long  remainder(int x,int a,int p){  //x为底数，a为幂，p为要取的模
        long rem = 1 ;
        for (int i = 0; i < a; i++) {
            rem = (rem * x) % p ;   
        }
        return rem;
    }

class Solution {
   public int cuttingRope(int n) {
        if(n <= 3) return n - 1;
        int b = n % 3, p = 1000000007;

        long rem = 1, x = 3 ,a = n / 3;
        //直接套循环求余公式
        for(int i = 0; i < ((b == 1)?a-1:a); i++) { //b == 1代表余数为1的时候，需要单独取出一个3出来凑成2*2达到最大值效果
            rem = (rem * x) % p;
        }  
        if(b == 0) return (int)(rem % p);
        if(b == 1) return (int)(rem * 4 % p);
        return (int)(rem * 2 % p);
    }
}

快速幂算法原理传送门

//快速幂求余法
public long  remainder(int x,int a,int p){  //x为底数，a为幂，p为要取的模，
    long rem = 1, 
    while((a /= 2)>0) {
        if(a % 2 == 1) rem = (rem * x) % p;
        x = (x * x) % p;
    }
}

表格的每行从右往左看：

class Solution {
    public int cuttingRope(int n) {
        if(n <= 3) return n - 1;
        int b = n % 3, p = 1000000007;
        long rem = 1, x = 3;//x=3的原理参见上面的数学推导
//总共n/3段长度为3的段，循环了n/3-1次。
        for(int a = n / 3 - 1; a > 0; a /= 2) {
            if(a % 2 == 1) rem = (rem * x) % p;//这段代码的原理参见快速幂算法的原理
            //把x当做底数
            x = (x * x) % p;
        }
        if(b == 0) return (int)(rem * 3 % p);//b=0，剩下的为3，直接×3
        if(b == 1) return (int)(rem * 4 % p);//b=1，剩下的为4，×4
        return (int)(rem * 6 % p);//b=2，剩下的为5，×6
    }
}

作者：jyd
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/jian-sheng-zi-ii-lcof/solution/mian-shi-ti-14-ii-jian-sheng-zi-iitan-xin-er-fen-f/
来源：力扣（LeetCode）

把字符串转换成整数（medium难度）

https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/ba-zi-fu-chuan-zhuan-huan-cheng-zheng-shu-lcof/

本题思路来源：
作者：jyd
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/shu-zu-zhong-shu-zi-chu-xian-de-ci-shu-ii-lcof/solution/mian-shi-ti-56-ii-shu-zu-zhong-shu-zi-chu-xian-d-4/
来源：力扣（LeetCode）

class Solution {
    public int strToInt(String str) {
        char[] c = str.trim().toCharArray();
        if(c.length == 0) return 0;
        int res = 0, bndry = Integer.MAX_VALUE / 10;
        int i = 1, sign = 1;
        if(c[0] == '-') sign = -1;
        else if(c[0] != '+') i = 0;
        for(int j = i; j < c.length; j++) {
            if(c[j] < '0' || c[j] > '9') break;
            if(res > bndry || res == bndry && c[j] > '7') return sign == 1 ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : Integer.MIN_VALUE;
            res = res * 10 + (c[j] - '0');
        }
        return sign * res;
    }
}
作者：jyd
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/ba-zi-fu-chuan-zhuan-huan-cheng-zheng-shu-lcof/solution/mian-shi-ti-67-ba-zi-fu-chuan-zhuan-huan-cheng-z-4/
来源：力扣（LeetCode）

class Solution {
    public int strToInt(String str) {
        int res = 0, bndry = Integer.MAX_VALUE / 10;
        int i = 0, sign = 1, length = str.length();
        if(length == 0) return 0;
        while(str.charAt(i) == ' ')
            if(++i == length) return 0;
        if(str.charAt(i) == '-') sign = -1;
        if(str.charAt(i) == '-' || str.charAt(i) == '+') i++;
        for(int j = i; j < length; j++) {
            if(str.charAt(j) < '0' || str.charAt(j) > '9') break;
            if(res > bndry || res == bndry && str.charAt(j) > '7')
                return sign == 1 ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : Integer.MIN_VALUE;
            res = res * 10 + (str.charAt(j) - '0');
        }
        return sign * res;
    }
}
作者：jyd
链接：https://leetcode-cn.com/problems/ba-zi-fu-chuan-zhuan-huan-cheng-zheng-shu-lcof/solution/mian-shi-ti-67-ba-zi-fu-chuan-zhuan-huan-cheng-z-4/
来源：力扣（LeetCode）