吴恩达与OpenAI官方合作的ChatGPT提示工程课程笔记
LLMs(large language models)
-
Base LLM：基于文本训练数据来预测做“文字接龙” -
Instruction Tuned LLM（指令调整型LLM）:接受了遵循指示的培训，可以根据提前培训的输入输出对结果进行调整
提示指南
两个关键原则
编写明确和具体的指令（明确 ≠ 短）
-
策略一：用分隔符清楚的指示输入的不同部分
可以使用
”””，`````，- - -，< >，<tag> </tag>。使用分隔符的好处：可以避免提示词冲突，提示冲突是指如果允许用户向提示中添加一些输入，则他们可能会给出与我们想要的任务不符的指令，导致模型遵循用户的指令而不是我们自己想要的指令-
栗子:
import openai
import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv, find_dotenv
_ = load_dotenv(find_dotenv())
openai.api_key = os.environ.get("OPENAI_API_KEY")
def get_completion(prompt, model="gpt-3.5-turbo"):
messages = [{ "role": "user", "content": prompt}]
response = openai.ChatCompletion.create(
model=model,
messages=messages,
temperature=0, # this is the degree of randomness of the model's output
)
return response.choices[0].message["content"]
text = f"""
You should express what you want a model to do by \
providing instructions that are as clear and \
specific as you can possibly make them. \
This will guide the model towards the desired output, \
and reduce the chances of receiving irrelevant \
or incorrect responses. Don't confuse writing a \
clear prompt with writing a short prompt. \
In many cases, longer prompts provide more clarity \
and context for the model, which can lead to \
more detailed and relevant outputs.
"""
prompt = f"""
Summarize the text delimited by triple backticks \
into a single sentence.
```{text}```
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)输出：
Clear and specific instructions should be provided to guide a model towards the desired output, and longer prompts can provide more clarity and context for the model, leading to more detailed and relevant outputs.
-
-
策略二：要求结构化输出
可以使用HTML或JSON等结构化输出
-
栗子：
import openai
import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv, find_dotenv
_ = load_dotenv(find_dotenv())
openai.api_key = os.environ.get("OPENAI_API_KEY")
def get_completion(prompt, model="gpt-3.5-turbo"):
messages = [{ "role": "user", "content": prompt}]
response = openai.ChatCompletion.create(
model=model,
messages=messages,
temperature=0, # this is the degree of randomness of the model's output
)
return response.choices[0].message["content"]
prompt = f"""
Generate a list of three made-up book titles along \
with their authors and genres.
Provide them in JSON format with the following keys:
book_id, title, author, genre.
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)s s输出：
[
{
"book_id": 1,
"title": "The Lost City of Zorath",
"author": "Aria Blackwood",
"genre": "Fantasy"
},
{
"book_id": 2,
"title": "The Last Survivors",
"author": "Ethan Stone",
"genre": "Science Fiction"
},
{
"book_id": 3,
"title": "The Secret of the Haunted Mansion",
"author": "Lila Rose",
"genre": "Mystery"
}
]
-
-
策略三：要求模型检查是否满足条件
如果模型存在其他情况，可以要求模型检查并返回不满足条件时的响应
-
栗子1
import openai
import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv, find_dotenv
_ = load_dotenv(find_dotenv())
openai.api_key = os.environ.get("OPENAI_API_KEY")
def get_completion(prompt, model="gpt-3.5-turbo"):
messages = [{ "role": "user", "content": prompt}]
response = openai.ChatCompletion.create(
model=model,
messages=messages,
temperature=0, # this is the degree of randomness of the model's output
)
return response.choices[0].message["content"]
text_1 = f"""
Making a cup of tea is easy! First, you need to get some \
water boiling. While that's happening, \
grab a cup and put a tea bag in it. Once the water is \
hot enough, just pour it over the tea bag. \
Let it sit for a bit so the tea can steep. After a \
few minutes, take out the tea bag. If you \
like, you can add some sugar or milk to taste. \
And that's it! You've got yourself a delicious \
cup of tea to enjoy.
"""
prompt = f"""
You will be provided with text delimited by triple quotes.
If it contains a sequence of instructions, \
re-write those instructions in the following format:
Step 1 - ...
Step 2 - …
…
Step N - …
If the text does not contain a sequence of instructions, \
then simply write \"No steps provided.\"
\"\"\"{text_1}\"\"\"
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print("Completion for Text 1:")
print(response)输出
Completion for Text 1:
Step 1 - Get some water boiling.
Step 2 - Grab a cup and put a tea bag in it.
Step 3 - Once the water is hot enough, pour it over the tea bag.
Step 4 - Let it sit for a bit so the tea can steep.
Step 5 - After a few minutes, take out the tea bag.
Step 6 - Add some sugar or milk to taste.
Step 7 - Enjoy your delicious cup of tea! -
栗子2
import openai
import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv, find_dotenv
_ = load_dotenv(find_dotenv())
openai.api_key = os.environ.get("OPENAI_API_KEY")
def get_completion(prompt, model="gpt-3.5-turbo"):
messages = [{ "role": "user", "content": prompt}]
response = openai.ChatCompletion.create(
model=model,
messages=messages,
temperature=0, # this is the degree of randomness of the model's output
)
return response.choices[0].message["content"]
text_2 = f"""
The sun is shining brightly today, and the birds are \
singing. It's a beautiful day to go for a \
walk in the park. The flowers are blooming, and the \
trees are swaying gently in the breeze. People \
are out and about, enjoying the lovely weather. \
Some are having picnics, while others are playing \
games or simply relaxing on the grass. It's a \
perfect day to spend time outdoors and appreciate the \
beauty of nature.
"""
prompt = f"""
You will be provided with text delimited by triple quotes.
If it contains a sequence of instructions, \
re-write those instructions in the following format:
Step 1 - ...
Step 2 - …
…
Step N - …
If the text does not contain a sequence of instructions, \
then simply write \"No steps provided.\"
\"\"\"{text_2}\"\"\"
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print("Completion for Text 2:")
print(response)输出：
Completion for Text 2:
No steps provided.
-
-
策略四：少量训练提示
这是在要求模型执行任务之前，提示成功执行任务的示例
-
栗子
import openai
import os
from dotenv import load_dotenv, find_dotenv
_ = load_dotenv(find_dotenv())
openai.api_key = os.environ.get("OPENAI_API_KEY")
def get_completion(prompt, model="gpt-3.5-turbo"):
messages = [{ "role": "user", "content": prompt}]
response = openai.ChatCompletion.create(
model=model,
messages=messages,
temperature=0, # this is the degree of randomness of the model's output
)
return response.choices[0].message["content"]
prompt = f"""
Your task is to answer in a consistent style.
<child>: Teach me about patience.
<grandparent>: The river that carves the deepest \
valley flows from a modest spring; the \
grandest symphony originates from a single note; \
the most intricate tapestry begins with a solitary thread.
<child>: Teach me about resilience.
"""
response = get_completion(prompt)
print(response)输出：
<grandparent>: Resilience is like a tree that bends with the wind but never breaks. It is the ability to bounce back from adversity and keep moving forward, even when things get tough. Just like a tree that grows stronger with each storm it weathers, resilience is a quality that can be developed and strengthened over time.
-
给模型足够的时间来思考
如果模型急于做出错误的结论而出现推理错误，应该尝试重新查询请求相关推理的链或序列，直到模型提供最终答案。如果我们给模型一个太复杂的任务，让他在短时间内或用少数词完成，他可能会猜测结果，但结果可能不正确。就像人一样，如果我们要短时间内完成复杂的数学计算可能也会出现错误。
-
策略一：指定完成任务所需的步骤
-
栗子1
text = f"""
In a charming village, siblings Jack and Jill set out on \
a quest to fetch water from a hilltop \
well. As they climbed, singing joyfully, misfortune \
struck—Jack tripped on a stone and tumbled \
down the hill, with Jill following suit. \
Though slightly battered, the pair returned home to \
comforting embraces. Despite the mishap, \
their adventurous spirits remained undimmed, and they \
continued exploring with delight.
"""
# example 1
prompt_1 = f"""
Perform the following actions:
1 - Summarize the following text delimited by triple \
backticks with 1 sentence.
2 - Translate the summary into French.
3 - List each name in the French summary.
4 - Output a json object that contains the following \
keys: french_summary, num_names.
Separate your answers with line breaks.
Text:
```{text}```
"""
response = get_completion(prompt_1)
print("Completion for prompt 1:")
print(response)输出：
Completion for prompt 1:
Two siblings, Jack and Jill, go on a quest to fetch water
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