c++11并发编程历程（13）使用条件变量建立一个线程安全的泛型队列

队列在线程间传递数据，是一个实际开发很常见的场景。做的好的话，同步可以被限制在队列本身，大大减少了同步问题和竞争条件。下面我们来抽象提取一个泛型的线程安全队列.

#include <queue>
#include <memory>
#include <mutex>
#include <condition_variable>

template<typename T>
class threadsafe_queue
{
public:
    threadsafe_queue(){}
    threadsafe_queue(const threadsafe_queue& other)
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(other.mut);
        datat_queue = other.data_queue;
    }
    threadsafe_queue& operator=(const threadsafe_queue&) = delete;

    void push(T new_value)
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mut);
        data_queue.push(new_value);
        data_cond.notify_one();
    }
    bool try_pop(T& value)
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mut);
        if(data_queue.empty())
            return false;
        value = data_queue.front();
        data_queue.pop();
        return true;
    }
    std::shared_ptr<T> try_pop()
    {
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mut);
        if(data_queue.empty())
            return null;
        std::shared_ptr<T> res (std::make_shared<T>(data_queue.front()));
        data_queue.pop();
        return res;
    }
    void wait_and_pop(T& value)
    {
        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(mut);
        data_cond.wait(lk,[this]{return !data_queue.empty();});
        value = data_queue.front();
        data_queue.pop();
    }
    std::shared_ptr<T> wait_and_pop()
    {
        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(mut);
        data_cond.wait(lk,[this]{return !data_queue.empty();});
        std::shared_ptr<T> res(std::make_shared<T> data_queue.front()));
        data_queue.pop();
        return res;
    }
    bool empty() const
    { 
        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mut);
        return data_queue.empty();
    }
private:
    mutable std::mutex mut;   ①
    std::queue<T> data_queue;
    std::condition_variable data_cond;
};

threadsafe_queue<data_chunk> data_queue;

void data_prepare_thread()
{
    while(more_data_to_prepare())
    {
        data_chunk const data = prepare_data();
        data_queue.push(data);
    }
}

void data_processing_thread()
{
    data_chunk data;
    data_queue.wait_and_pop(data);
    process(data);
    if(is_last_chunk(data)) 
        break;
}

① mutable std::mutex mut; 中的mutable是为了突破const的限制，因为互斥元mut如果不用mutable修饰，在const函数中是不能进行非const引用的