Android 动画分析之翻转效果

大家一定看到过三维的翻转效果，所以今天在这里简单的给大家分析一下，我们怎么样才能实现Android中的翻转动画效果的实现，首先看一下运行效果如下图所示。

效果图：

Android中并没有提供直接做3D翻转的动画，所以关于3D翻转的动画效果需要我们自己实现，那么我们首先来分析一下Animation 和 Transformation。

Animation动画的主要接口，其中主要定义了动画的一些属性比如开始时间，持续时间，是否重复播放等等。而Transformation中则包含一个矩阵和alpha值，矩阵是用来做平移，旋转和缩放动画的，而alpha值是用来做alpha动画的，要实现3D旋转动画我们需要继承自Animation类来实现，我们需要重载getTransformation和applyTransformation，在getTransformation中Animation会根据动画的属性来产生一系列的差值点，然后将这些差值点传给applyTransformation，这个函数将根据这些点来生成不同的Transformation。下面是具体实现：

public class Rotate3dAnimation extends Animation {
	// 开始角度
	private final float mFromDegrees;
	// 结束角度
	private final float mToDegrees;
	// 中心点
	private final float mCenterX;
	private final float mCenterY;
	private final float mDepthZ;
	// 是否需要扭曲
	private final boolean mReverse;
	// 摄像头
	private Camera mCamera;
	public Rotate3dAnimation(float fromDegrees, float toDegrees, float centerX,
			float centerY, float depthZ, boolean reverse) {
		mFromDegrees = fromDegrees;
		mToDegrees = toDegrees;
		mCenterX = centerX;
		mCenterY = centerY;
		mDepthZ = depthZ;
		mReverse = reverse;
	}
	@Override
	public void initialize(int width, int height, int parentWidth,
			int parentHeight) {
		super.initialize(width, height, parentWidth, parentHeight);
		mCamera = new Camera();
	}
	// 生成Transformation
	@Override
	protected void applyTransformation(float interpolatedTime, Transformation t) {
		final float fromDegrees = mFromDegrees;
		// 生成中间角度
		float degrees = fromDegrees + ((mToDegrees - fromDegrees) * interpolatedTime);
		final float centerX = mCenterX;
		final float centerY = mCenterY;
		final Camera camera = mCamera;
		final Matrix matrix = t.getMatrix();
		camera.save();
		if (mReverse) {
			camera.translate(0.0f, 0.0f, mDepthZ * interpolatedTime);
		} else {
			camera.translate(0.0f, 0.0f, mDepthZ * (1.0f - interpolatedTime));
		}
		camera.rotateY(degrees);
		// 取得变换后的矩阵
		camera.getMatrix(matrix);
		camera.restore();
		matrix.preTranslate(-centerX, -centerY);
		matrix.postTranslate(centerX, centerY);
	}
}

其中包括了旋转的开始和结束角度，中心点、是否扭曲、和一个Camera，这里我们主要分析applyTransformation函数，其中第一个参数就是通过getTransformation函数传递的差指点，然后我们根据这个差值通过线性差值算法计算出一个中间角度degrees，Camera类是用来实现绕Y轴旋转后透视投影的，因此我们首先通过t.getMatrix()取得当前的矩阵，然后通过camera.translate来对矩阵进行平移变换操作，camera.rotateY进行旋转。这样我们就可以很轻松的实现3D旋转效果了，该例子的原意是通过一个列表来供用户选择要实现翻转的图像，所以我们分析至少需要定义两个控件：ListView和ImageView（要翻转的图像），主界面的xml布局定义如下所示。

<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/container"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" >
    <ListView
        android:id="@android:id/list"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layoutAnimation="@anim/layout_bottom_to_top_slide"
        android:persistentDrawingCache="animation|scrolling" />
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/picture"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:scaleType="fitCenter"
        android:visibility="gone" />
</FrameLayout>

然后准备好需要的资源，在onCreate函数中准备好ListView和ImageView，因为要旋转所以我们需要保存视图的缓存信息，通过setPersistentDrawingCache(ViewGroup.PERSISTENT_ANIMATION_CACHE);可以设置该功能，当我们选择列表中的图像资源后在onItemClick中将选择的资源Id对应的图像设置到ImageView中，然后通过applyRotation来启动一个动画，前面有了Rotate3dAnimation的实现，我们要完成3D翻转动画就很简单，直接构建一个Rotate3dAnimation对象，设置其属性（包括动画监听），这里将动画的监听设置为DisplayNextView，可以用来显示下一个视图，在其中的动画结束监听（onAnimationEnd）中，通过一个县城SwapViews来交换两个画面，交换过程则是设置ImageView和ListView的显示相关属性，并构建一个Rotate3dAnimation对象，对另一个界面进行旋转即可，然后启动动画，整个转换过程实际上就是将第一个界面从0度转好90度，然后就爱你过第二个界面从90度转到0度，这样就形成了一个翻转动画，完整代码如下，我们也加入了一些必要的注解。

public class Transition3d extends Activity implements
		AdapterView.OnItemClickListener, View.OnClickListener {
	// 照片列表
	private ListView mPhotosList;
	private ViewGroup mContainer;
	private ImageView mImageView;
	// 照片的名字，用于显示在list中
	private static final String[] PHOTOS_NAMES = new String[] { "Lyon",
			"Livermore", "Tahoe Pier", "Lake Tahoe", "Grand Canyon", "Bodie" };
	// 资源id
	private static final int[] PHOTOS_RESOURCES = new int[] {
			R.drawable.photo1, R.drawable.photo2, R.drawable.photo3,
			R.drawable.photo4, R.drawable.photo5, R.drawable.photo6 };
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.animations_main_screen);
		mPhotosList = (ListView) findViewById(android.R.id.list);
		mImageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.picture);
		mContainer = (ViewGroup) findViewById(R.id.container);
		// 准备ListView
		final ArrayAdapter<String> adapter = new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
				android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, PHOTOS_NAMES);
		mPhotosList.setAdapter(adapter);
		mPhotosList.setOnItemClickListener(this);
		// 准备ImageView
		mImageView.setClickable(true);
		mImageView.setFocusable(true);
		mImageView.setOnClickListener(this);
		// 设置需要保存缓存
		mContainer.setPersistentDrawingCache(ViewGroup.PERSISTENT_ANIMATION_CACHE);
	}
	/**
	 * Setup a new 3D rotation on the container view.
	 * @param position
	 *            the item that was clicked to show a picture, or -1 to show the
	 *            list
	 * @param start
	 *            the start angle at which the rotation must begin
	 * @param end
	 *            the end angle of the rotation
	 */
	private void applyRotation(int position, float start, float end) {
		// 计算中心点
		final float centerX = mContainer.getWidth() / 2.0f;
		final float centerY = mContainer.getHeight() / 2.0f;
		// Create a new 3D rotation with the supplied parameter
		// The animation listener is used to trigger the next animation
		final Rotate3dAnimation rotation = new Rotate3dAnimation(start, end,
				centerX, centerY, 310.0f, true);
		rotation.setDuration(500);
		rotation.setFillAfter(true);
		rotation.setInterpolator(new AccelerateInterpolator());
		// 设置监听
		rotation.setAnimationListener(new DisplayNextView(position));
		mContainer.startAnimation(rotation);
	}
	public void onItemClick(AdapterView parent, View v, int position, long id) {
		// 设置ImageView
		mImageView.setImageResource(PHOTOS_RESOURCES[position]);
		applyRotation(position, 0, 90);
	}
	// 点击图像时，返回listview
	public void onClick(View v) {
		applyRotation(-1, 180, 90);
	}
	/**
	 * This class listens for the end of the first half of the animation. It
	 * then posts a new action that effectively swaps the views when the
	 * container is rotated 90 degrees and thus invisible.
	 */
	private final class DisplayNextView implements Animation.AnimationListener {
		private final int mPosition;
		private DisplayNextView(int position) {
			mPosition = position;
		}
		public void onAnimationStart(Animation animation) {
		}
		// 动画结束
		public void onAnimationEnd(Animation animation) {
			mContainer.post(new SwapViews(mPosition));
		}
		public void onAnimationRepeat(Animation animation) {
		}
	}
	/**
	 * This class is responsible for swapping the views and start the second
	 * half of the animation.
	 */
	private final class SwapViews implements Runnable {
		private final int mPosition;
		public SwapViews(int position) {
			mPosition = position;
		}
		public void run() {
			final float centerX = mContainer.getWidth() / 2.0f;
			final float centerY = mContainer.getHeight() / 2.0f;
			Rotate3dAnimation rotation;
			if (mPosition > -1) {
				// 显示ImageView
				mPhotosList.setVisibility(View.GONE);
				mImageView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
				mImageView.requestFocus();
				rotation = new Rotate3dAnimation(90, 180, centerX, centerY, 310.0f, false);
			} else {
				// 返回listview
				mImageView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
				mPhotosList.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
				mPhotosList.requestFocus();
				rotation = new Rotate3dAnimation(90, 0, centerX, centerY, 310.0f, false);
			}
			rotation.setDuration(500);
			rotation.setFillAfter(true);
			rotation.setInterpolator(new DecelerateInterpolator());
			// 开始动画
			mContainer.startAnimation(rotation);
		}
	}
}