shell 生成密码函数（自定义）

从某个项目获得的：

generatePassword() {
	# 获取生成长度
    local length="$1"
    # 12<=$length<=128 否则赋值 length=20
    [[ $length -ge 12 && $length -le 128 ]] || length=20
	# ${#genpassword}获取字符串长度。
	# $genpassword长度<($length-1) || $special是否为空（特殊字符）
    while [[ ${#genpassword} -lt $((length-1)) || -z $special ]]; do
    	# head -c1 /dev/urandom 从文件开头获取一个字符
    	# tr -dc 不符合的字符全部删除
        newchar=$(head -c1 /dev/urandom | tr -dc '0-9a-zA-Z!#$%&()*+,-./:;<=>?@[]^_{|}~')
        # -n 不为空
        if [[ -n $(echo $newchar | tr -dc '!#$%&()*+,-./:;<=>?@[]^_{|}~') ]]; then
            special=${newchar}
        elif [[ ${#genpassword} -lt $((length-1)) ]]; then
            genpassword=${genpassword}${newchar}
        fi
    done
    # 9$(date +%N) seems weird but it's important because date may return
    # a leading 0 causing modulo to fail on reading it as octal number
    position=$(( 9$(date +%N) % $length ))
    # inject the special character at a random position
    # ${var:0:5} 字符串截取，从0开始截取5个
    echo ${genpassword::($position)}$special${genpassword:($position)}
}