from multiprocessing import Process
from os import getpid
from time import sleep
defrun_time(name):
sleep(5)print('child progress {}: {}'.format(name, getpid()))if __name__ =='__main__':print('parent progress id: {}'.format(getppid()))# os.getpid(): 获取当前进程ID; os.getppid(): 获取父进程ID
p = Process(target=run_time, args=('hello_world',))# 初始化子进程:target=目前函数名, args=参数print('start child progress')
p.start()# 启动子进程
p.join()# 进程同步:等待子进程执行完毕,程序再向下执行print('end child progress')
方法
getppid()、getpid()
p.start()
p.join()
Process(target=, args=(,))
Pool(n)
p.apply_async(, args=(,))
subprocess.call([’’, ‘’])
Queue()
q.put(value)
q.get(True)
2. 进程池
from multiprocessing import Pool
from os import getpid
from time import sleep
deflong_time_task(name):
sleep(5)print('child process {0}: {1}\n'.format(name, getpid()))if __name__ =='__main__':print('parent process: {0}\n'.format(getpid()))
p = Pool(2)## 初始化进程池:一次可并行执行2个进程(等这两个执行结束,再次启动执行接下来的两个,和电脑是几核的无关)for i inrange(10):
p.apply_async(long_time_task, args=(i,))## 进程池添加进程print('start child progress\n')
p.close()## 关闭进程池(不能再添加新进程了),准备执行进程
p.join()# 进程同步print('end child progress\n')
3. 问题:无法获取子进程的执行结果 -> 子进程
import subprocess
print('nslookup www.python.org')
r = subprocess.call(['nslookup','www.python.org'])print('Exit code: {}'.format(r))
4. 进程间通信
队列:Queue
from multiprocessing import Process, Queue
from time import sleep
from random import random
defwrite(q):for i inrange(5):print('puts {}'.format(i))
q.put(i)
sleep(1)defread(q):
sleep(10)whileTrue:
i = q.get(True)print('get {}'.format(i))if __name__ =='__main__':
q = Queue()
pw = Process(target=write, args=(q,))
pr = Process(target=read, args=(q,))print('START')
pw.start()
pr.start()
pw.join()whileTrue:if q.empty():# 如果队列中的数据都处理完了,则强制停止read方法
pr.terminate()breakprint('END')
信号量:Semaphore
from multiprocessing import Process, Semaphore
from time import sleep
defwrite(f):
f.acquire()
sleep(5)
f.release()if __name__ =='__main__':
pp =[]
f = Semaphore(1)for i inrange(5):
p = Process(target=write, args=(f,))
p.start()
pp.append(p)for p in pp:
p.join()