java发起http请求Get、Post的几种常用方式

近期在处理http请求时，遇到的问题，现在记录一下；

平时我们使用postman或者 soapUI等一些接口测试工具请求rest接口时，请求头的Content-Type 一般都是application/json，

这个其实是比较通用的请求方式，但是有时候我们在网上拷贝的httpUtil工具类使用的请求头里却是另一种content-type,

例如下面这段代码：创建HttpPost对象，然后把map对象放到httpPost的entity里；

// 创建httpPost对象
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);
// 创建参数队列
List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
for (String key : maps.keySet()) {
	nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, maps.get(key)));
}
try { 
	// 这里的new UrlEncodedFormEntity默认的请求头里contentType就是application/x-www-form-urlencoded
	httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs, "UTF-8"));
} catch (Exception e) {
	e.printStackTrace();
	System.out.println(e.getStackTrace());
	System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}

// ===================================================================
// 下面贴出UrlEncodedFormEntity的有参构造源码
    /**
     * Constructs a new {@link UrlEncodedFormEntity} with the list
     * of parameters in the specified encoding.
     *
     * @param parameters list of name/value pairs
     * @param charset encoding the name/value pairs be encoded with
     * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException if the encoding isn't supported
     */
    public UrlEncodedFormEntity (
        final List <? extends NameValuePair> parameters,
        final String charset) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        super(URLEncodedUtils.format(parameters,
                charset != null ? charset : HTTP.DEF_CONTENT_CHARSET.name()),
                ContentType.create(URLEncodedUtils.CONTENT_TYPE, charset));
    }


// ===================================================
// 如下是 URLEncodedUtils.CONTENT_TYPE 的值；
public class URLEncodedUtils {

    /**
     * The default HTML form content type.
     */
    public static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
}

这段适用普通的Post请求，但是当我们服务端入参是json的话，使用这个普通的post请求就会导致服务端解析失败； 

有几种解决方法：

第一种是修改httpPost.setEntity里的参数；例如：

httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(JSONObject.toJSONString(paramMap), ContentType.create("application/json", "utf-8")));

第二种是：

我们直接在接收参数的时候，入参改为com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject,或者直接是json字符串；例：

//添加请求头
httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8"); 
//这里的params是JSONObject类型；如果已经是json字符串的话，直接使用即可；
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(params.toJSONString(),"utf-8"));

--------------------------------------------------------------------------

接下来分享一下我这边目前使用的httpUtil工具类：

package com.wxy.mq.util;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.DefaultHostnameVerifier;
import org.apache.http.conn.util.PublicSuffixMatcher;
import org.apache.http.conn.util.PublicSuffixMatcherLoader;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;

/**
 * Http工具类
 * 
 * @author wangxinyang
 * @Date 2018年8月30日
 */
public class HttpUtils {
	private static RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(6000).setConnectTimeout(6000)
			.setConnectionRequestTimeout(15000).build();
	/** 需要较长时间读取返回时的配置 */
	private static RequestConfig requestConfigWait = RequestConfig.custom().setSocketTimeout(20 * 1000).setConnectTimeout(6000)
			.setConnectionRequestTimeout(15000).build();
	/**
	 * @param httpGet
	 * @param bol 是否需要较长时间读取返回值 true : 是 / false : 否
	 * @return
	 */
	public static String sendHttpGet(HttpGet httpGet, boolean bol) {
		
		if (bol == false) {
			sendHttpGet(httpGet);
		}
		
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
		HttpEntity entity = null;
		String responseContent = null;
		try {
			// 创建默认的httpClient实例.
			httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
			httpGet.setConfig(requestConfigWait);

			// 执行请求
			response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
			entity = response.getEntity();
			responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				// 关闭连接,释放资源
				if (response != null) {
					response.close();
				}
				if (httpClient != null) {
					httpClient.close();
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		return responseContent;
	}

	public static String sendHttpGet(HttpGet httpGet) {
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
		HttpEntity entity = null;
		String responseContent = null;
		try {
			// 创建默认的httpClient实例.
			httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
			httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);

			// 执行请求
			response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
			entity = response.getEntity();
			responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			
		} finally {
			try {
				// 关闭连接,释放资源
				if (response != null) {
					response.close();
				}
				if (httpClient != null) {
					httpClient.close();
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		return responseContent;
	}

	/**
	 * 发送普通 post请求
	 * 
	 * @param httpUrl
	 *            地址
	 * @param maps
	 *            参数
	 */
	public static String sendHttpPost(String httpUrl, Map<String, String> maps) {
		HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(httpUrl);// 创建httpPost
		// 创建参数队列
		List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairs = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
		for (String key : maps.keySet()) {
			nameValuePairs.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, maps.get(key)));
		}
		try {
			httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairs, "UTF-8"));
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.out.println(e.getStackTrace());
			System.out.println(e.getMessage());
		}
		return sendHttpPost(httpPost);
	}

	public static String sendHttpPost(HttpPost httpPost) {
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
		HttpEntity entity = null;
		String responseContent = null;
		try {
			// 创建默认的httpClient实例.
			httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
			httpPost.setConfig(requestConfig);
			// 执行请求
			response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
			entity = response.getEntity();
			responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			System.out.println(e.getStackTrace());
			System.out.println(e.getMessage());
			
		} finally {
			try {
				// 关闭连接,释放资源
				if (response != null) {
					response.close();
				}
				if (httpClient != null) {
					httpClient.close();
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		return responseContent;
	}

	/**
	 * 发送Get请求Https
	 * 
	 * @param httpPost
	 * @return
	 */
	public static String sendHttpsGet(HttpGet httpGet) {
		CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
		CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
		HttpEntity entity = null;
		String responseContent = null;
		try {
			// 创建默认的httpClient实例.
			PublicSuffixMatcher publicSuffixMatcher = PublicSuffixMatcherLoader
					.load(new URL(httpGet.getURI().toString()));
			DefaultHostnameVerifier hostnameVerifier = new DefaultHostnameVerifier(publicSuffixMatcher);
			httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLHostnameVerifier(hostnameVerifier).build();
			httpGet.setConfig(requestConfig);
			// 执行请求
			response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
			entity = response.getEntity();
			responseContent = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} finally {
			try {
				// 关闭连接,释放资源
				if (response != null) {
					response.close();
				}
				if (httpClient != null) {
					httpClient.close();
				}
			} catch (IOException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
		}
		return responseContent;
	}
	
	/**
	 * 请求参数为json字符串；
	 * @param url
	 * @param params
	 * @return
	 */
	public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject params){
        String strResult = "";
        // 1. 获取默认的client实例
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
        // 2. 创建httppost实例
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8"); //添加请求头
        try {
            httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(params.toJSONString(),"utf-8"));
            CloseableHttpResponse resp = client.execute(httpPost);
            try {
                // 7. 获取响应entity
                HttpEntity respEntity = resp.getEntity();
                strResult = EntityUtils.toString(respEntity, "UTF-8");
            } finally {
                resp.close();
            }
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                client.close();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return strResult;
    }
	
}

这里用到了com.alibaba.fastjson，httpclient，httpcore的依赖,

在pom.xml中添加：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.32</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>
    <version>4.4.8</version>
</dependency>

end;