linxu驱动入门基础课一（GPIO控制LED灯）基于RK3568

虽然GPIO控制LED 是最简单的linux驱动，但是是初学者入门必须跨过的门槛，里面很多基础知识点，有GPIO的控制原理，字符设备驱动，设备树，gpio和pinctrl子系统，内核模块原理等等，这些知识点非常重要，都是linux驱动入门的基础。

下面我们就可以一步步来写一个GPIO控制LED的驱动。

在RK3568平台上从零开始编写LED驱动，可以按照以下步骤进行：

1.原理图

led灯利用I2C3_SDA_MO引脚即GPIO1_A0

LED灯正极接GPIO1_A0，GPIO1_A0高电平点亮LED灯，低电平熄灭LED灯。

2.编写驱动代码：

• 创建一个新的驱动文件在kernel/drivers/char/下面，led_gpio.c。

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/of.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/of_gpio.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>

char kbuf[1] ;
dev_t devno;
int major = 0;
int led_gpio;

int gpio_led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)/* 对应的是应用程序的open*/
{
	printk("gpio led open !\\n");
	return 0;
}
int gpio_led_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) /* 对应的是应用程序的close*/
{
	printk("gpio led close !\\n");
	return 0;
}

ssize_t gpio_led_write(struct file *file, const char __user *buf,size_t size,loff_t *pos)
{
	int ret = 0;
	if(size > sizeof(kbuf))
		size = sizeof(kbuf);
	ret = copy_from_user(kbuf,buf,size);

	gpio_set_value(led_gpio,kbuf[0]);
	printk("[led-gpio] write %d !\\n",kbuf[0]);
	return size;
}

ssize_t gpio_led_read(struct file *file,  char __user *buf,size_t size,loff_t *pos)
{
	int ret = 0;
	if(size > sizeof(kbuf))
		size = sizeof(kbuf);
	ret = copy_to_user(buf,kbuf,size);
	printk("[led-gpio] read %d !\\n",kbuf);
	return size;
}
int gpio_led_init(void)
{
	return 0;
}

int gpio_led_on(int ledno)
{
	
	return 0;
}

int gpio_led_off(int ledno)
{

	return 0;
}

#define LED_OFF 0
#define LED_ON 1

long gpio_led_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long ledno)
{
	printk("cmd = %d data = %ld\\n", cmd, ledno);
	switch(cmd){
		case LED_OFF:
			gpio_led_off(ledno);
			break;
		case LED_ON:
			gpio_led_on(ledno);
			break;
	    default:
			printk("Invalid cmd\\n");
			break;
	}

	return ledno;
}

struct cdev led_cdev;
struct file_operations fops = {
	.open = gpio_led_open,
	.release = gpio_led_release,
	.unlocked_ioctl = gpio_led_ioctl,
	.write = gpio_led_write,
	.read = gpio_led_read,
};

struct class * pcls;
struct device * pled_dev;

struct device_node *test_device_node;
struct property *test_node_property;

int gpio_led_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) 	/*match成功会调用 到*/
{
	int i = 0;
	int ret;
	printk("gpio led driver probe\\n");	
	
	/*1- 字符设备初始化*/
	major = register_chrdev(0, "gpio-led", &fops);//cat /proc/devices
	devno = MKDEV(major, 0);
	printk("[led-gpio]major from register chrdev:%d\\n", major);

	/*2- 自动创建设备节点 /dev/gpio-led-auto*/
	pcls = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "led-cls");
	pled_dev = device_create(pcls, NULL, devno, NULL, "gpio-led-platform");

	/*3 -0 led硬件初始化*/
	gpio_led_init();
	
	test_device_node = of_find_node_by_path("/led-gpio");
	if (test_device_node == NULL)
	{	
		printk("[led-gpio]of_find_node_by_path is error \\n");
		return -1;
	}

	led_gpio = of_get_named_gpio(test_device_node, "gpios", 0);
	if (led_gpio < 0)
	{
		printk("[led-gpio]of_get_named_gpio is error \\n");
		return -1;
	}

	printk("[led_gpio] is %d \\n", led_gpio);

	ret = gpio_request(led_gpio, "led-gpio");
	if (ret < 0)
	{
		printk("[led-gpio]gpio_request is error \\n");
		return -1;
	}
       ret = 	gpio_direction_output(led_gpio, 1);
       if(ret < 0){

	      printk("[led-gpio] output error\\n");
	      return -1;
       }
	gpio_set_value(led_gpio,1);

	return 0;
}

int gpio_led_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)/*unmatch 时会调用*/
{
	printk("[led-gpio]gpio led driver remove\\n");
	unregister_chrdev(major, "gpio-led");

	device_destroy(pcls, devno);
	class_destroy(pcls);

	return 0;
}
int gpio_led_suspend(struct platform_device *pdev, pm_message_t state)
{
	printk("[led-gpio]gpio led driver suspend\\n");	

		
	return 0;
}
int gpio_led_resume(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
	printk("[led-gpio]gpio led driver resume\\n");

	return 0;
}
struct of_device_id led_tbl[]={
		{.compatible = "led-gpio",},
};

struct platform_driver pdrv= {
	.probe = gpio_led_probe,
	.remove = gpio_led_remove,
	.suspend = gpio_led_suspend,
	.resume = gpio_led_resume,
	.driver.name = "gpio-led",
	.driver.of_match_table = led_tbl,
};

static __init int  gpio_led_driver_init(void)
{
	printk(" platform driver module init!\\n");
	platform_driver_register(&pdrv);
	return 0;
}
static __exit void  gpio_led_driver_exit(void)
{
	printk(" platform driver module exit!\\n");	
	platform_driver_unregister(&pdrv);
}

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
module_init(gpio_led_driver_init);
module_exit(gpio_led_driver_exit);

修改kernel/drivers/char/Makefile，加入下面一句

obj-y += led-gpio.o

3.设备树配置：

• 在设备树文件中添加LED设备节点。

kernel/arch/arm64/boot/dts/rockchip/rk3568-evb1-ddr4-v10.dtsi

/ {
        model = "Rockchip RK3568 EVB1 DDR4 V10 Board";
        compatible = "rockchip,rk3568-evb1-ddr4-v10", "rockchip,rk3568";

        **led_gpio:led-gpio {
            compatible = "led-gpio";
            gpios = <&gpio1 RK_PA0 GPIO_ACTIVE_HIGH>;
            pinctrl-names = "default";
            pinctrl-0 = <&led_gpio_ctrl>;
        };**

&pinctrl {

        **led-gpio {
                led_gpio_ctrl: led-gpio-ctrl {
                        rockchip,pins = <1 RK_PA0 RK_FUNC_GPIO &pcfg_pull_none>;
                };
        };**

4.编译驱动：

./build.sh kernel

5.烧写镜像

6.编写APP测试

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  int fd;
  char status;

  if (argc != 3)
  {
    printf("Usage: %s <dev> <on | off>\\n", argv[0]);
    return -1;
  }

  fd = open(argv[1], O_RDWR);
  if (fd == -1)
  {
    printf("can not open file %s\\n", argv[1]);
    return -1;
  }

  if (0 == strcmp(argv[2], "on"))
  {
    status = 1;
    write(fd, &status, 1);
  }
  else
  {
    status = 0;
    write(fd, &status, 1);
  }

  close(fd);

  return 0;
}

编译APP

aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc ledtest.c -o  ledtest

7.测试