go操作mysql（原生database/sql, sqlx库）GORM

GORM官网地址：

GORM 指南 | GORM - The fantastic ORM library for Golang, aims to be developer friendly.

参考：

Go语言操作MySQL | 李文周的博客

安装：

go get -u github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql

示例：

package main

import (
	"database/sql"
	"fmt"

	_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
)

// go get -u github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql

// 定义一个全局对象db
var db *sql.DB

// 定义一个初始化数据库的函数
func initDB() (err error) {
	// DSN:Data Source Name
	dsn := "user:pwd@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/db_name?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True"
	// 不会校验账号密码是否正确
	// 注意！！！这里不要使用:=，我们是给全局变量赋值，然后在main函数中使用全局变量db
	db, err = sql.Open("mysql", dsn)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	// 尝试与数据库建立连接（校验dsn是否正确）
	err = db.Ping()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

type user struct {
	id      string
	name_cn string
	name_en string
}

// 查询单条数据示例
func queryRowDemo() {
	sqlStr := "select id, name_cn, name_en from asset_type"
	var u user
	// 非常重要：确保QueryRow之后调用Scan方法，否则持有的数据库链接不会被释放
	err := db.QueryRow(sqlStr).Scan(&u.id, &u.name_cn, &u.name_en)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("scan failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Printf("id:%s name_cn:%s name_en:%s\n", u.id, u.name_cn, u.name_en)
}

// 查询多条
func queryRows() {
	sqlStr := "SELECT id, name_cn, name_en from asset_type"
	rows, err := db.Query(sqlStr)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("query failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}
	// 非常重要：关闭rows释放持有的数据库链接
	defer rows.Close()
	for rows.Next() {
		var u user
		err := rows.Scan(&u.id, &u.name_cn, &u.name_en)
		if err != nil {
			fmt.Printf("scan failed, err:%v\n", err)
			return
		}
		fmt.Printf("id:%s name_cn:%s name_en:%s\n", u.id, u.name_cn, u.name_en)
	}
}

// 插入数据
func insertRowDemo() {
	sqlStr := "insert into user(name, age) values (?,?)"
	ret, err := db.Exec(sqlStr, "王五", 38)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("insert failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}
	theID, err := ret.LastInsertId() // 新插入数据的id
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("get lastinsert ID failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Printf("insert success, the id is %d.\n", theID)
}

// 预处理插入示例
func prepareInsertDemo() {
	sqlStr := "insert into user(name, age) values (?,?)"
	stmt, err := db.Prepare(sqlStr)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("prepare failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}
	defer stmt.Close()
	_, err = stmt.Exec("小王子", 18)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("insert failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}
	_, err = stmt.Exec("沙河娜扎", 18)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("insert failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Println("insert success.")
}

// 事务操作示例
func transactionDemo() {
	tx, err := db.Begin() // 开启事务
	if err != nil {
		if tx != nil {
			tx.Rollback() // 回滚
		}
		fmt.Printf("begin trans failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}
	sqlStr1 := "Update user set age=30 where id=?"
	ret1, err := tx.Exec(sqlStr1, 2)
	if err != nil {
		tx.Rollback() // 回滚
		fmt.Printf("exec sql1 failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}
	affRow1, err := ret1.RowsAffected()
	if err != nil {
		tx.Rollback() // 回滚
		fmt.Printf("exec ret1.RowsAffected() failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}

	sqlStr2 := "Update user set age=40 where id=?"
	ret2, err := tx.Exec(sqlStr2, 3)
	if err != nil {
		tx.Rollback() // 回滚
		fmt.Printf("exec sql2 failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}
	affRow2, err := ret2.RowsAffected()
	if err != nil {
		tx.Rollback() // 回滚
		fmt.Printf("exec ret1.RowsAffected() failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}

	fmt.Println(affRow1, affRow2)
	if affRow1 == 1 && affRow2 == 1 {
		fmt.Println("事务提交啦...")
		tx.Commit() // 提交事务
	} else {
		tx.Rollback()
		fmt.Println("事务回滚啦...")
	}

	fmt.Println("exec trans success!")
}

func main() {
	err := initDB() // 调用输出化数据库的函数
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("init db failed,err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}
	// queryRowDemo()
	queryRows()
}

sqlx库

安装：go get github.com/jmoiron/sqlx

package main

import (
	"fmt"

	_ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
	"github.com/jmoiron/sqlx"
)

var db *sqlx.DB

type user struct {
	ID      int
	Account string
	Role    string
}

func initDB() (err error) {
	dsn := "root:Mjolnir@tcp(127.0.0.1:3306)/assess?charset=utf8mb4&parseTime=True"
	// 也可以使用MustConnect连接不成功就panic
	db, err = sqlx.Connect("mysql", dsn)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("connect DB failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}
	db.SetMaxOpenConns(20)
	db.SetMaxIdleConns(10)
	return
}

// 查询单条数据示例
func queryRowDemo() {
	sqlStr := "select id, account, role from user where id=?"
	var u user
	err := db.Get(&u, sqlStr, 1)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("get failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Printf("id:%d name:%s role:%s\n", u.ID, u.Account, u.Role)
}

// 查询多条数据示例
func queryMultiRowDemo() {
	sqlStr := "select id, account, role from user where id > ?"
	var users []user
	err := db.Select(&users, sqlStr, 0)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("query failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Printf("users:%#v\n", users)
}

// sqlx中的exec方法与原生sql中的exec使用基本一致：
// 插入数据
func insertRowDemo() {
	sqlStr := "insert into user(name, age) values (?,?)"
	ret, err := db.Exec(sqlStr, "沙河小王子", 19)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("insert failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}
	theID, err := ret.LastInsertId() // 新插入数据的id
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("get lastinsert ID failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Printf("insert success, the id is %d.\n", theID)
}

// 更新数据
func updateRowDemo() {
	sqlStr := "update user set age=? where id = ?"
	ret, err := db.Exec(sqlStr, 39, 6)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("update failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}
	n, err := ret.RowsAffected() // 操作影响的行数
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("get RowsAffected failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Printf("update success, affected rows:%d\n", n)
}

//删除示例
func deleteDemo() {
	sqlStr := "delete from user where id=?"
	ret, err := db.Exec(sqlStr, 10)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("delete failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}
	n, err := ret.RowsAffected()
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("get rows affected failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Printf("delete success, affected rows:%d\n", n)
}

// 事务操作：对于事务操作，我们可以使用sqlx中提供的db.Beginx()和tx.Exec()方法。示例代码如下
func transactionDemo2()(err error) {
	tx, err := db.Beginx() // 开启事务
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("begin trans failed, err:%v\n", err)
		return err
	}
	defer func() {
		if p := recover(); p != nil {
			tx.Rollback()
			panic(p) // re-throw panic after Rollback
		} else if err != nil {
			fmt.Println("rollback")
			tx.Rollback() // err is non-nil; don't change it
		} else {
			err = tx.Commit() // err is nil; if Commit returns error update err
			fmt.Println("commit")
		}
	}()

	sqlStr1 := "Update user set age=20 where id=?"

	rs, err := tx.Exec(sqlStr1, 1)
	if err!= nil{
		return err
	}
	n, err := rs.RowsAffected()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if n != 1 {
		return errors.New("exec sqlStr1 failed")
	}
	sqlStr2 := "Update user set age=50 where i=?"
	rs, err = tx.Exec(sqlStr2, 5)
	if err!=nil{
		return err
	}
	n, err = rs.RowsAffected()
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if n != 1 {
		return errors.New("exec sqlStr1 failed")
	}
	return err
}

func main() {
	initDB()
	queryRowDemo()
	queryMultiRowDemo()
}