Github每日精选（第25期）：数学动画引擎manim

manim

manim 是用于解释性数学视频的动画引擎。它用于以编程方式创建精确的动画。

如果我们需要一个动画来解释一个数学现象，或者用于教学的话，manim 无疑是一个很好的选择。

manim 可以清楚的用动画的特性解释，数学公式的过程，让数学生动起来，更好的理解数学公式的意义。

manim 安装和使用也比较简单。如下：

安装

ubuntu下的安装：

首先安装Cairo, Pango, 和FFmpeg，命令如下：

sudo apt update
sudo apt install libcairo2-dev libpango1.0-dev ffmpeg

然后，继续安装manim ，命令如下：

pip3 install manim -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

这个时候如果出现安装失败的情况，请检查自己的python版本和ubuntu版本，最好使用的都是最新的版本。

代码示例

安装完成了 manim，我们当然迫不及待的想看看 manim 能给我们带来什么，先不要急，还得从hello world。

构建一个场景，一个正方形变成了一个圆形。

代码如下：

from manim import *


class SquareToCircle(Scene):
    def construct(self):
        circle = Circle()
        square = Square()
        square.flip(RIGHT)
        square.rotate(-3 * TAU / 8)
        circle.set_fill(PINK, opacity=0.5)

        self.play(Create(square))
        self.play(Transform(square, circle))
        self.play(FadeOut(square))

代码也直接简单，放到文件 ex.py下，Transform 函数，让正方形过度到圆形。

运行后，输出如下：

root@lqp:/home/lqp/project# manim -p -ql ex.py SquareToCircle
Manim Community v0.16.0.post0

[07/29/22 11:10:14] INFO     Animation 0 : Partial movie file written in                                                                                             scene_file_writer.py:514
                             '/home/lqp/project/media/videos/ex/480p15/partial_movie_files/SquareToCircle/3163782288_2330473256_223132457.mp4'                                               
                    INFO     Animation 1 : Partial movie file written in                                                                                             scene_file_writer.py:514
                             '/home/lqp/project/media/videos/ex/480p15/partial_movie_files/SquareToCircle/2201830969_2769193253_2319886907.mp4'                                              
                    INFO     Animation 2 : Partial movie file written in                                                                                             scene_file_writer.py:514
                             '/home/lqp/project/media/videos/ex/480p15/partial_movie_files/SquareToCircle/2201830969_4065880486_2319886907.mp4'                                              
                    INFO     Combining to Movie file.                                                                                                                scene_file_writer.py:607
[07/29/22 11:10:15] INFO                                                                                                                                             scene_file_writer.py:728
                             File ready at '/home/lqp/project/media/videos/ex/480p15/SquareToCircle.mp4'                                                                                     
                                                                                                                                                                                             
                    INFO     Rendered SquareToCircle                                                                                                                             scene.py:240
                             Played 3 animations                                                                                                                                             
                    INFO     Previewed File at: '/home/lqp/project/media/videos/ex/480p15/SquareToCircle.mp4'                                                                 file_ops.py:224
Error: no "view" mailcap rules found for type "video/mp4"
/usr/bin/xdg-open: 882: www-browser: not found
/usr/bin/xdg-open: 882: links2: not found
/usr/bin/xdg-open: 882: elinks: not found
/usr/bin/xdg-open: 882: links: not found
/usr/bin/xdg-open: 882: lynx: not found
/usr/bin/xdg-open: 882: w3m: not found
xdg-open: no method available for opening '/home/lqp/project/media/videos/ex/480p15/SquareToCircle.mp4'

有一些提示找不到的东西，我们不用管它，这是找不到播放的软件。

播放生成的mp4。

在看一个比较复杂的实例，用圆的滚动，生成正弦。

因为我们用到了标签，标签使用的是LaTeX，所以需要安装下LaTeX：

sudo apt-get install texlive-full

texlive-full 比较大，需要花一段的时间。

代码如下：

from manim import *

class SineCurveUnitCircle(Scene):
    # contributed by heejin_park, https://infograph.tistory.com/230
    def construct(self):
        self.show_axis()
        self.show_circle()
        self.move_dot_and_draw_curve()
        self.wait()

    def show_axis(self):
        x_start = np.array([-6,0,0])
        x_end = np.array([6,0,0])

        y_start = np.array([-4,-2,0])
        y_end = np.array([-4,2,0])

        x_axis = Line(x_start, x_end)
        y_axis = Line(y_start, y_end)

        self.add(x_axis, y_axis)

        self.origin_point = np.array([-4,0,0])
        self.curve_start = np.array([-3,0,0])



    def show_circle(self):
        circle = Circle(radius=1)
        circle.move_to(self.origin_point)
        self.add(circle)
        self.circle = circle

    def move_dot_and_draw_curve(self):
        orbit = self.circle
        origin_point = self.origin_point

        dot = Dot(radius=0.08, color=YELLOW)
        dot.move_to(orbit.point_from_proportion(0))
        self.t_offset = 0
        rate = 0.25

        def go_around_circle(mob, dt):
            self.t_offset += (dt * rate)
            # print(self.t_offset)
            mob.move_to(orbit.point_from_proportion(self.t_offset % 1))

        def get_line_to_circle():
            return Line(origin_point, dot.get_center(), color=BLUE)

        def get_line_to_curve():
            x = self.curve_start[0] + self.t_offset * 4
            y = dot.get_center()[1]
            return Line(dot.get_center(), np.array([x,y,0]), color=YELLOW_A, stroke_width=2 )


        self.curve = VGroup()
        self.curve.add(Line(self.curve_start,self.curve_start))
        def get_curve():
            last_line = self.curve[-1]
            x = self.curve_start[0] + self.t_offset * 4
            y = dot.get_center()[1]
            new_line = Line(last_line.get_end(),np.array([x,y,0]), color=YELLOW_D)
            self.curve.add(new_line)

            return self.curve

        dot.add_updater(go_around_circle)

        origin_to_circle_line = always_redraw(get_line_to_circle)
        dot_to_curve_line = always_redraw(get_line_to_curve)
        sine_curve_line = always_redraw(get_curve)

        self.add(dot)
        self.add(orbit, origin_to_circle_line, dot_to_curve_line, sine_curve_line)
        self.wait(8.5)

        dot.remove_updater(go_around_circle)