狂神说docker 常用命令笔记

Docker的常用命令

1. 帮助命令

docker version   # 显示docker的版本信息
docker info      # 显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker 命令 --help    # 帮助命令

帮助文档的地址: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/

2. 镜像指令

2.1 docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
[root@abc123 /]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
ubuntu        18.04     c090eaba6b94   6 days ago      63.3MB
hello-world   latest    bf756fb1ae65   13 months ago   13.3kB

# 解析
REPOSITORY  镜像的仓库源
TAG         镜像的标签
IMAGE ID    镜像的ID
CREATE      镜像的创建时间
SIZE        镜像的大小

# 可选项

Options:
  -a, --all             # 列出所有进行      
  -q, --quiet           # 只显示镜像的id
2.2 docker search搜索镜像
[root@abc123 /]# docker search nginx
NAME                               DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
nginx                              Official build of Nginx.                        14356     [OK]
jwilder/nginx-proxy                Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   1948                 [OK]
richarvey/nginx-php-fpm            Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of…   802                  [OK]
linuxserver/nginx                  An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS…   140

# 可选项,通过收藏来过滤
--filter=STARS=3000   #搜索出来的镜像就是START大于3000
[root@abc123 /]# docker search nginx --filter=STARS=3000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
nginx     Official build of Nginx.   14356     [OK]
[root@abc123 /]#

2.3 docker pull 下载镜像
# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]  版本号
[root@abc123 /]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
a076a628af6f: Pull complete
f6c208f3f991: Pull complete
88a9455a9165: Pull complete
406c9b8427c6: Pull complete
7c88599c0b25: Pull complete
25b5c6debdaf: Pull complete
43a5816f1617: Pull complete
1a8c919e89bf: Pull complete
9f3cf4bd1a07: Pull complete
80539cea118d: Pull complete
201b3cad54ce: Pull complete
944ba37e1c06: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:feada149cb8ff54eade1336da7c1d080c4a1c7ed82b5e320efb5beebed85ae8c
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest


# 等价
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest

# 指定版本下载
[root@abc123 /]# docker pull mysql:5.7

[root@abc123 /]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
ubuntu        18.04     c090eaba6b94   6 days ago      63.3MB
mysql         latest    c8562eaf9d81   9 days ago      546MB
hello-world   latest    bf756fb1ae65   13 months ago   13.3kB

2.4 删除镜像 docker rmi
$# docker rmi -f 容器id

3. 容器命令

说明:有了进行才可以创建容器,linux, 下载一个centos镜像来测试学习

docker pull centos
3.1 新建容器并启动
docker run --help

docker run [可选参数] image

# 参数说明
--name="Name"  # 容器名字 tomcat01  tomcat02, 用了区分容器
-d             # 后台方式运行, ja nohup
-it            # 使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p             # 指定容器的端口 -p  8080:8080
	-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
	-p 主机端口:容器端口 (常用)
	-p 容器端口
-P             # 随机指定端口


# 测试,启动并进入容器
[root@abc123 /]# docker run -it ubuntu:18.04 /bin/bash
root@9ec2ccc58e4f:/# ls   #  9ec2ccc58e4f对接ubuntu镜像id  查看容器内的centos  很多命令不完善
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
root@9ec2ccc58e4f:/#

内部的Ubuntu与外面的主机系统,没有任何关系 如下:

# 从容器中退回主机
root@9ec2ccc58e4f:/# exit
exit
[root@abc123 /]#ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  source  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@abc123 /]#
3.2 列出所有运行的容器
# docker ps 命令
    # 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a  # 列出正在运行的容器 + 带出历史运行过的容器
-n=# 显示最近创建的容器
-q  # 只显示容器编号

[root@abc123 /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@abc123 /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                         PORTS     NAMES
9ec2ccc58e4f   ubuntu:18.04   "/bin/bash"              8 minutes ago       Exited (0) 4 minutes ago                 recursing_banach
a1d2610d2451   mysql          "docker-entrypoint.s…"   31 minutes ago      Exited (1) 31 minutes ago                funny_ritchie
a819234ad088   hello-world    "/hello"                 About an hour ago   Exited (0) About an hour ago             clever_burnell
a8920ae29c07   hello-world    "/hello"                 47 hours ago        Exited (0) 47 hours ago                  angry_shtern
bd1e3053b0bd   hello-world    "/hello"                 47 hours ago        Exited (0) 47 hours ago                  charming_yalow
[root@abc123 /]#
3.3 退出容器
exit   # 直接容器停止并退出
Ctrl + P + Q  # 容器不停止退出
3.4 删除容器
#docker rm 容器id    # 删除指定容器,不能删除正在运行的容器
#docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
3.5 启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id     # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id   # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id      # 停止当前正在进行的容器
docker kill容器id       # 强制停止当前容器

4. 常用其他命令(最重要)

4.1 后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名!
[root@abc123 /]# docker run -d ubuntu:18.04

# 问题是docker ps, 发现ubuntu:18.04停止了

# 常见的坑:docker 容器使用后台运行,就不行有一个前台进程,docker发现没有应用了,就会自动停止
#nginx,容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立刻停止,就是没有程序了
4.2 查看日志
docker log -f -t --tail 容器,没有日志

# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@abc123 /]# docker run -d ubuntu:18.04 /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo baidu_ CSDN;sleep 1;done"

[root@abc123 /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
48fa5f46316a   ubuntu:18.04   "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   6 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds             fervent_cartwright

# 显示日志
-tf            # 显示日志
--tail number  # 要显示的日志条数
[root@abc123 /]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 48fa5f46316a
2021-01-28T03:22:00.734215574Z baidu_CSDN
2021-01-28T03:22:01.735742403Z baidu_CSDN
2021-01-28T03:22:02.737314554Z baidu_CSDN
2021-01-28T03:22:03.738787507Z baidu_CSDN
2021-01-28T03:22:04.740148201Z baidu_CSDN
2021-01-28T03:22:05.741556806Z baidu_CSDN
2021-01-28T03:22:06.743063490Z baidu_CSDN

4.3 显示容器中的进程信息 ps
# 命令 docker top  容器id
[root@abc123 /]# docker top 48fa5f46316a
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME   
root                6650                103126              0                   11:25               ?                   
root                103126              103104              0                   11:18               ?                   
4.4 查看镜像元数据
# 命令
docker inspect 容器id

[root@abc123 /]# docker inspect 48fa5f46316a
[
    {
        "Id": "48fa5f46316a4d47122631d760427ee0ff377b54d33472b0b0d6cdedb8487ad1",
        "Created": "2021-01-28T03:18:45.791614518Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo baidu_CSDN;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 103126,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2021-01-28T03:18:46.362070952Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:c090eaba6b9480dcd1daf063e4efe271711745c21a73c53bdc94c8d9610d2fd9",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/48fa5f46316a4d47122631d760427ee0ff377b54d33472b0b0d6cdedb8487ad1/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/48fa5f46316a4d47122631d760427ee0ff377b54d33472b0b0d6cdedb8487ad1/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/48fa5f46316a4d47122631d760427ee0ff377b54d33472b0b0d6cdedb8487ad1/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/48fa5f46316a4d47122631d760427ee0ff377b54d33472b0b0d6cdedb8487ad1/48fa5f46316a4d47122631d760427ee0ff377b54d33472b0b0d6cdedb8487ad1-json.log",
        "Name": "/fervent_cartwright",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/87d8e10698174fbe832260fa36e9ab5cf7415b980ee5338e6e394c7eacc56b9c-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f11f93ac58f7fe3dce26c7767d07d3959dc9914d937b2a27ed058e95963cbdd7/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/fec274c0a7f57df2d2347620715ee6e160958ee8b62bb2fce0d4428f9cdf60d0/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/00e3bc601aa74dca75e728b385ab351212048468fa963eae6c5354b380d13065/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/87d8e10698174fbe832260fa36e9ab5cf7415b980ee5338e6e394c7eacc56b9c/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/87d8e10698174fbe832260fa36e9ab5cf7415b980ee5338e6e394c7eacc56b9c/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/87d8e10698174fbe832260fa36e9ab5cf7415b980ee5338e6e394c7eacc56b9c/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "48fa5f46316a",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo baidu_CSDN;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "ubuntu:18.04",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {}
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "3c8c5c93d5cf8424b62f74421f0cd8979bfa8738ac997c898aa94e66b6af0d1e",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/3c8c5c93d5cf",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "8ce5aa38ff9dd5384eac278d2565b05a2fa81c209f59f6d4351f1498b8d50cfa",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "7b266db4e2d5ea50f8ea09a4bc6274a2c20448193be428988e4d0936c42294f8",
                    "EndpointID": "8ce5aa38ff9dd5384eac278d2565b05a2fa81c209f59f6d4351f1498b8d50cfa",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

4.5 进入当前正在进行的容器
# 我们通常都是使用后台的方式进行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置

# 命令
docke exec -it 容器id bashShell

# 测试
[root@abc123 /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
48fa5f46316a   ubuntu:18.04   "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   14 minutes ago   Up 14 minutes             fervent_cartwright
[root@abc123 /]# docker exec -it 48fa5f46316a /bin/bash
root@48fa5f46316a:/# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
root@48fa5f46316a:/# ps -ef
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0  0 03:18 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo baidu CSDN;sleep 1;done
root        891      0  0 03:33 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        923      1  0 03:33 ?        00:00:00 sleep 1
root        924    891  0 03:33 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef


# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
# 测试
[root@abc123 /]# docker attach 48fa5f46316a
正在执行当前的代码...

# docker exec   # 进入容器后开始一个新的终端,可以在里面操作(常用)
# docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程!
4.6 从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp 容器id:容器内路径  目的的主机路径

# 当前主机目录下,没有test.py
[root@abc123 /]# ls
anaconda3                        TensorRT
condarc.txt                  inference_engine_demos_build  nginx-packages  script

[root@abc123 /]# docker run -it ubuntu:18.04 /bin/bash
root@cbc8aca5298d:/# [root@abc123 /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
cbc8aca5298d   ubuntu:18.04   "/bin/bash"   13 seconds ago   Up 12 seconds             pedantic_faraday
[root@abc123 /]# cd /home
# 开始并进入容器
[root@abc123 home]# docker attach cbc8aca5298d
root@cbc8aca5298d:/# cd /home
# 在容器内新建一个文件test.py
root@cbc8aca5298d:/home# touch test.py
root@cbc8aca5298d:/home# ls
test.py
root@cbc8aca5298d:/home# exit
exit
[root@abc123 home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@abc123 home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
cbc8aca5298d   ubuntu:18.04   "/bin/bash"   3 minutes ago   Exited (0) 13 seconds ago             pedantic_faraday
# 将test.py拷贝到主机上
[root@abc123 home]# docker cp cbc8aca5298d:/home/test.py /home/
[root@abc123 home]# ls
anaconda3                        TensorRT			test.py
condarc.txt                  inference_engine_demos_build  nginx-packages  script

# 拷贝是一个手动过程,为了可以使用 -V 卷的技术,实现自动同步 /home/  /home/
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