分子量（Molar Mass, ACM/ICPC Seoul 2007, UVa1586）

An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. The molar mass of an organic compound is the mass of one mole of the organic compound. The molar mass of an organic compound can be computed from the standard atomic weights of the elements. When an organic compound is given as a molecular formula, Dr. CHON wants to find its molar mass. A molecular formula, such as C3H4O3, identifies each constituent element by its chemical symbol and indicates the number of atoms of each element found in each discrete molecule of that compound. If a molecule contains more than one atom of a particular element, this quantity is indicated using a subscript after the chemical symbol. In this problem, we assume that the molecular formula is represented by only four elements, ‘C’ (Carbon), ‘H’ (Hydrogen), ‘O’ (Oxygen), and ‘N’ (Nitrogen) without parentheses. The following table shows that the standard atomic weights for ‘C’, ‘H’, ‘O’, and ‘N’. Atomic Name Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Standard Atomic Weight 12.01 g/mol 1.008 g/mol 16.00 g/mol 14.01 g/mol For example, the molar mass of a molecular formula C6H5OH is 94.108 g/mol which is computed by 6 × (12.01 g/mol) + 6 × (1.008 g/mol) + 1 × (16.00 g/mol). Given a molecular formula, write a program to compute the molar mass of the formula. Input Your program is to read from standard input. The input consists of T test cases. The number of test cases T is given in the first line of the input. Each test case is given in a single line, which contains a molecular formula as a string. The chemical symbol is given by a capital letter and the length of the string is greater than 0 and less than 80. The quantity number n which is represented after the chemical symbol would be omitted when the number is 1 (2 ≤ n ≤ 99). Output Your program is to write to standard output. Print exactly one line for each test case. The line should contain the molar mass of the given molecular formula.

Sample Input

4

C

C6H5OH

NH2CH2COOH

C12H22O11

Sample Output

12.010

94.108

75.070

342.296

代码如下： 

 

#include<iostream>
#include<ctype.h>
#include<string>
#include<iomanip>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
	int n;
	cin >> n;
	double alp[20];
	alp['C'] = 12.01;
	alp['H'] = 1.008;
	alp['O'] = 16.00;
	alp['N'] = 14.01;
  	cout << setiosflags(ios::fixed) << setprecision(3);

	while (n--)
	{
		char str[200], p[20];
		double sum=0, res=0;
		int i = 0;
		cin >> str;

		while (str[i] != '\0')
		{
			sum = 0;
			p[0] = str[i];
			i++;
			while (isdigit(str[i]))
			{
				sum = sum * 10 + str[i] - '0';
				i++;
			}
			if (sum)
			{
				res += sum * alp[p[0]];
			}
			else
			{
				res += alp[p[0]];
			}
		}
		cout << res << endl;
	}
	return 0;
}

参照了网上的代码，自己又打了一遍，最开始的时候想错了，没有想到sum其实可以不仅是一位数，所以这一点没有考虑到，自己敲完之后运行结果还是错的，是在这个部分

while (isdigit(str[i]))
			{
				sum = sum * 10 + str[i] - '0';
				i++;
			}

‘0’和‘\0’没有分清导致了错误。