UVA - 1586 分子量（刘汝佳紫书题单(算法竞赛入门经典 第二版 2014)

 思路就是将字符与数字分开 

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
const double C = 12.01, H = 1.008, O = 16.00, N = 14.01;
double divide(char * p ) {
	double number[1000];
	char  s[1000];
	double sum = 0.00;
	int j = 0;
	int l = strlen(p);
	p[l] = 't';
	p[l + 1] = 't'; //为了防止指针越界，对可能读取到的位置进行了初始化处理
	for (int i = 0; i < l; i++) { //分离阶段
		if (isalpha(p[i])) {
			if (isalpha(p[i + 1])) {
				s[j] = p[i];
				number[j] = 1;
				j++;
			} else {
				if (isdigit(p[i + 2])) {
					s[j] = p[i];
					number[j] = (p[i + 1] - '0') * 10 + (p[i + 2] - '0');
					j++;
				} else {
					s[j] = p[i];
					number[j] = (p[i + 1] - '0');
					j++;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < j; i++) {
		switch (s[i]) {
			case 'C':
				number[i] = number[i] * C;
				break;
			case 'H':
				number[i] = number[i] * H;
				break;
			case 'O':
				number[i] = number[i] * O;
				break;
			case 'N':
				number[i] = number[i] * N;
				break;
		}
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < j; i++) {
		sum += number[i];
	}

	return sum;
}

int main() {
	int l;
	cin >> l;
	getchar();
	char atom[100];
	while (l--) {
		gets(atom);
		double sum = 0.00;
		sum = divide(atom);
		cout << setiosflags(ios::fixed);//小数点要保留三位
		cout << setprecision(3) << sum << endl;

	}
}