使用getElementsByTagName(’*’)即可
<body>
<div id="box">
<ul>
<li>1</li>
<li>2</li>
<li>3</li>
<li>4</li>
</ul>
<p></p>
<div>
<h1></h1>
</div>
</div>
</body>
<script>
var box = document.getElementById('box');
var ret = box.getElementsByTagName('*');
console.log(ret);
</script>