一、ansible
1.简介
ansible是新出现的自动化运维工具,基于Python开发,集合了众多运维工具(puppet、cfengine、chef、func、fabric)的优点,实现了批量系统配置、批量程序部署、批量运行命令等功能。
ansible是基于模块工作的,本身没有批量部署的能力。真正具有批量部署的是ansible所运行的模块,ansible只是提供一种框架。主要包括:
(1)、连接插件connection plugins:负责和被监控端实现通信;
(2)、host inventory:指定操作的主机,是一个配置文件里面定义监控的主机;
(3)、各种模块核心模块、command模块、自定义模块;
(4)、借助于插件完成记录日志邮件等功能;
(5)、playbook:剧本执行多个任务时,非必需可以让节点一次性运行多个任务。
2.特点
- 没有客户端,轻量级
- 通过ssh连接,无需agent
- 可实现大规模部署,效率高
二、ansible部署
环境:
ansible1:rhel7,hosts解析要做好,控制节点
ansible2:rhel7,hosts解析要做好,被控制节点
软件:ansible ==> 点击下载 提取码: kuhr
1.安装ansible
ansible1
[root@ansible1 ansible]# ls
ansible-2.7.8-1.el7.noarch.rpm
ansible-tower-setup-bundle-3.4.2-1.el7.tar.gz
libtomcrypt-1.17-25.el7.x86_64.rpm
libtommath-0.42.0-5.el7.x86_64.rpm
python2-crypto-2.6.1-13.el7.x86_64.rpm
python2-jmespath-0.9.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm
python-httplib2-0.9.2-0.1.el7.noarch.rpm
python-keyczar-0.71c-2.el7.noarch.rpm
python-paramiko-2.1.1-0.9.el7.noarch.rpm
sshpass-1.06-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@ansible1 ansible]# yum install * -y
2.配置ansible
[root@ansible1 ansible]# cd /etc/ansible/
[root@ansible1 ansible]# ls
ansible.cfg hosts roles ##host是节点主机信息,cfg主配置文件,roles:放角色
[root@ansible1 ansible]# vim hosts ##最后添加
[web]
ansible1
[db]
ansible2
3.设置ansible1免密登陆
[root@ansible1 .ssh]# ssh-keygen
[root@ansible1 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id -i id_rsa.pub root@172.25.1.1
[root@ansible1 .ssh]# ssh-copy-id -i id_rsa.pub root@172.25.1.2
3.测试
[root@ansible1 ~]# ansible all -m ping
ansible2 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
ansible1 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
ok,可以通过ansible对主机进行操作
三、模拟生产环境
1.查看ansible的文档
[root@ansible1 ~]# ansible-doc -l
[root@ansible1 ~]# ansible-doc -l | wc -l
2080 ##一共有2080个也是很可怕了
2.准备工作
在开始之前,我们需要在ansible1和ansible2上新建用户,因为大多数服务器不允许远程连接使用root用户
[root@ansible1 ~]# ansible all -m user -a "name=orange password=westos"
但是还是需要在ansible1和ansible2上更改orange用户的密码才可以,因为这样新建的用户密码是明文保存的,不可以ansible方式登陆,然后像之前一样,做一个免密登陆,然后修改/etc/sudoers文件,以ansible1为例,ansible2一样的操作
[root@ansible1 ~]# passwd orange
[root@ansible1 ~]# ssh-copy-id orange@ansible1 ##对ansible2也需要免密登陆
[root@ansible1 ~]# vim /etc/sudoers ##添加如下图内容
3.测试
[root@ansible1 ~]# ansible all -m ping -u orange -b
ansible2 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
ansible1 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
成功
四、模块应用
1.获取hostname主机名
[root@ansible1 ~]# ansible all -u orange -b -a "hostname"
ansible1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
ansible1
ansible2 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
ansible2
2.yum模块
安装httpd
[root@ansible1 ~]# ansible ansible2 -u orange -b -m yum -a "name=httpd state=present"
然后到ansible2上进行查看
[root@ansible1 ~]# ansible ansible2 -u orange -b -m service -a "name=httpd state=started"
然后到ansible2上进行查看
安装启动mairadb
[root@ansible1 ~]# ansible ansible2 -u orange -b -m yum -a "name=mariadb-server state=present"
[root@ansible1 ~]# ansible ansible2 -u orange -b -m service -a "name=mariadb state=started"
3.file模块
创建软连接
[root@ansible1 ~]# ansible ansible2 -u orange -m file -a "src=/etc/fstab dest=/tmp/fstab state=link"
然后到ansible2上进行查看
删除文件
[root@ansible1 ~]# ansible ansible2 -u orange -b -m file -a "dest=/tmp/fstab state=absent"
查看
新建文件
[root@ansible1 ~]# ansible ansible2 -u orange -b -m file -a "dest=/tmp/dir1/dir2 state=directory mode=755"
查看
4.mysql模块
尝试新建数据库用户
[root@ansible1 ~]# ansible ansible2 -m mysql_user -a "name=orange password=orange priv=test.*:ALL state=present"
错误,需要先安装软件才可以
[root@ansible1 ~]# ansible ansible2 -m yum -a "name=MySQL-python state=present"
查看
五、playbook的使用
playbook我个人的理解就是将上面那些命令使用yml语法写成了类似于脚本的方式,进行了一个自动化部署,可以更方便快捷的使用
例1-安装配置httpd
[root@ansible1 ~]# cd /etc/ansible/
[root@ansible1 ansible]# ls
ansible.cfg hosts roles
[root@ansible1 ansible]# mkdir playbooks
[root@ansible1 ansible]# cd playbooks/
[root@ansible1 playbooks]# mkdir httpd
[root@ansible1 playbooks]# cd httpd/
[root@ansible1 httpd]# vim httpd.yml
---
# http部署
- hosts: ansible2 ##主机
remote_user: root ##用户
tasks: ##任务
- name: install httpd
yum: name=httpd state=present
- name: config httpd
copy: src=httpd.conf dest=/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
notify: restart httpd
- name: start httpd
service: name=httpd state=started
handlers:
- name: restart httpd
service: name=httpd state=restart
开始执行之前,我们查看以下是否有语法错误和一些信息
[root@ansible1 httpd]# ansible-playbook httpd.yml --syntax-check ##查看是否有语法错误
playbook: httpd.yml
[root@ansible1 httpd]# ansible-playbook httpd.yml --list-host ##列出主机
playbook: httpd.yml
play #1 (ansible2): ansible2 TAGS: []
pattern: [u'ansible2']
hosts (1):
ansible2
[root@ansible1 httpd]# ansible-playbook httpd.yml --list-task ##列出任务
playbook: httpd.yml
play #1 (ansible2): ansible2 TAGS: []
tasks:
install httpd TAGS: []
config httpd TAGS: []
start httpd TAGS: []
ok了,我们试着执行一下
[root@ansible1 httpd]# ansible-playbook httpd.yml
我们也可以选择只部署其中一个服务
[root@ansible1 httpd]# ansible-playbook httpd.yml --start-at-task="start httpd"
例2-部署zabbix监控
1.首先新建文件夹
[root@ansible1 ~]# cd /etc/ansible/roles
[root@ansible1 roles]# mkdir mariadb/files tasks handlers vars templates meta defaults -p
[root@ansible1 roles]# mkdir zabbix-server/{files,tasks,templates,vars} -p
2.然后编辑主yml配置文件
[root@ansible1 roles]# vim zabbix-server.yml
---
#zabbix-server部署
- hosts: ansible2
roles:
- mariadb
- zabbix-server
3.编辑zabbix的配置文件
[root@ansible1 roles]# cd /etc/ansible/roles/zabbix-server/files ##镜像信息
[root@ansible1 files]# vim zabbix.repo ##需要在真机提前配置好仓库
[zabbix]
name=zabbix4.0
baseurl=ftp://172.25.1.254/pub/zabbix/4.0
gpgcheck=0
[root@ansible1 files]# vim zabbix_server.conf ##zabbix的配置文件
zabbix的配置文件 ==> 点击下载 提取码: fh64 ,因为实在太长,故贴出下载链接
编辑zabbix触发器
root@ansible1 zabbix-server]# cd handlers/
[root@ansible1 handlers]# vim main.yml
[root@ansible1 handlers]# cat main.yml
- name: create datbase
mysql_db: name=zabbix state=present
listen: "init zabbix db"
- name: create zabbix user
mysql_user: name=zabbix password=zabbix priv=zabbix.*:ALL state=present
listen: "init zabbix db"
- name: import create.sql.gz
mysql_db: name=zabbix state=import target=/usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-4.0.5/create.sql.gz
listen: "init zabbix db"
- name: restart zabbix server
service: name=zabbix-server state=restarted
编辑zabbix的tasks
[root@ansible1 handlers]# cd ../tasks/
[root@ansible1 tasks]# vim main.yml
[root@ansible1 tasks]# cat main.yml
- name: copy zabbix.repo
copy: src=zabbix.repo dest=/etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo
- name: install zabbix-server
yum: name=zabbix-server,zabbix-agent state=present
notify: "init zabbix db"
- name: config zabbix server
copy: src=zabbix_server.conf dest=/etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
notify: restart zabbix server
- name: start zabbix server
service: name={{ item }} state=started
with_items:
- zabbix-server
- zabbix-agent
4.编辑mariadb配置文件
编辑mariadb的files
[root@ansible1 mariadb]# cd files/
[root@ansible1 files]# vim my.cnf
[root@ansible1 files]# cat my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
#
#
character-set-server=utf8
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid
#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d
编辑mariadb的触发器
[root@ansible1 files]# cd ../handlers/
[root@ansible1 handlers]# vim main.yml
[root@ansible1 handlers]# cat main.yml
- name: restart mariadb
service: name=mariadb state=restarted
编辑mariadb的tasks
[root@ansible1 handlers]# cd ../tasks/
[root@ansible1 tasks]# vim main.yml
[root@ansible1 tasks]# cat main.yml
- name: install mariadb server
yum: name=mariadb-server,MySQL-python state=present
- name: config mariadb
copy: src=my.cnf dest=/etc/my.cnf
notify: restart mariadb
- name: start mariadb server
service: name=mariadb state=started
5.测试
[root@ansible1 roles]# ansible-playbook zabbix-server.yml
其他更多功能和用法请查看官方网站~