集合类型
=基本使用=
1、用途#(1) 去重
#(2) 关系运算
2、定义方式:在{}内用都好分割开多个元素,其中元素的特点为
#(1) 所有的元素必须是不可变类型
#(2) 集合内元素不能重复
s = {1,1,1,1,1,2,3}
print(s)
{1, 2, 3}#(3) 集合内元素无序
#数据类型转换
print(set([11,11,11,22,[33,44]])) #报错:无法把可变类型放入集合
3、常用操作+内置的方法
3.1 去重
>>> names = ['ysy','ysy','ysy',18,18,14,15,14,10]
>>> print(set(names))
{10, 14, 15, 18, 'ysy'}
>>> names = ['ysy','ysy','ysy',18,18,14,15,14,10]
>>> names=list(set(names)) #顺序会发生改变
>>> print(names)
[10, 14, 15, 18, 'ysy']
#集合去重示范:
infos = [
{'name':'egon','age':18,'sex':'male'},
{'name':'alex','age':73,'sex':'male'},
{'name':'tom','age':20,'sex':'female'},
{'name':'egon','age':18,'sex':'male'},
{'name':'egon','age':18,'sex':'male'},
]
l = []
for info in infos:
if info not in l:
l.append(info)
print(l)
[{'name': 'egon', 'age': 18, 'sex': 'male'}, {'name': 'alex', 'age': 73, 'sex': 'male'}, {'name': 'tom', 'age': 20, 'sex': 'female'}]
3.2 关系运算
# 自己写代码做关系运算
python_stus = ["张三","ysy","jack","李四"]
linux_stus = ["李大炮","ysy","egon","jack","李四"]
l = []
for stu in python_stus:
if stu in linux_stus:
l.append(stu)
print(l)
# 集合关系运算
python_stus = {"张三","ysy","jack","李四"}
linux_stus = {"李大炮","ysy","egon","jack","李四"}
# (1)交集
res = python_stus & linux_stus
python_stus.intersection(linux_stus)
print(res)
{'jack', 'ysy', '李四'}
# (2)并集
res = python_stus | linux_stus
python_stus.union(linux_stus)
print(res)
{'egon', 'jack', '李大炮', 'ysy', '张三', '李四'}
# (3)差集
python_res = python_stus - linux_stus
linux_res = linux_stus - python_stus
python_stus.difference(linux_stus)
linux_stus.difference(python_stus)
print(python_res)
print(linux_res)
{'张三'}
{'egon', '李大炮'}
# (4)对称差集
res = (python_stus - linux_stus) | (linux_stus - python_stus)
res = python_stus ^ linux_stus #简单方法
linux_stus.symmetric_difference(python_stus)
print(res)
{'张三', 'egon', '李大炮'}
# (5)父子集:包含与被包含的关系
# 包含才能比大小,相等则互为父子
s1 = {1,2,3}
s2 = {1,2,4}
print(s1.issuperset(s2)) #s1是不是s2父
print(s1.issubset(s2)) #s1是不是s2儿
print(s1 >= s2) #如果s1包含s2则城里,称之为s1是s2他爹
True
print(s1 <= s2) #如果s1包含s2则城里,称之为s1是s2他爹
True
3.3 其他:了解操作
#intersection_update
s1 = {1,2,3,4}
s2 = {111,333,44,2,3,1}
s1.intersection_update(s2) #s1=s1.intersection(s2)
print(s1)
{1, 2, 3}
#update
s1 = {1,2,3,4}
s1.update({3,4,5,6,7})
print(s1)
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
#pop
s1 = {1,2,3,4}
s1.pop()
print(s1)
{2, 3, 4}
=该类型总结=
存多个值无序
不可变(1、可变:值变,id不变。可变=不可bash 2、不可变:值变,id就变。不可变=可bash)