ubuntu18 装好后需要安装的东西

这是我个人需要安装的一些库，记录在这里方便以后看。。。

1.检查更新

~$: sudo apt-get update
~$: sudo apt-get upgrade
~$: sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
~$: sudo apt-get install build-essential
~$:  sudo apt-get install ruby-sass libglib2.0-dev libgdk-pixbuf2.0-dev libxml2-utils

如果出现问题可以打**–fix-missing**

~$: sudo apt-get update --fix-missing

2.输入法

~$:  sudo apt-get install ibus-googlepinyin

在搜索栏里输入 language找到 language Setup 并更新
在搜索栏里输入 region 找到 region & language 点 + 号添加拼音


切换输入法的快捷键 win + space

3.修改theme

3.1.下载tweak在商店里搜索 tweak

3.2. 下载numix主题

~$: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:numix/ppa
~$: sudo apt-get update
~$: sudo apt-get install numix-gtk-theme numix-icon-theme-circle
~$: sudo apt-get install numix-wallpaper-*

3.3.下载adapta主题
https://github.com/adapta-project/adapta-gtk-theme

~$: sudo apt-get install autoconf
~$: sudo apt-get install libgdk-pixbuf2.0-dev 
~$: sudo apt-get install libglib2.0-dev
~$: sudo apt-get install libxml2-utils
~$: sudo apt-get install pkg-config
~$: sudo apt-get install sassc
~$: sudo apt-get install parallel
~$: sudo apt-get install gdk-pixbuf-devel

3.4.修改terminal主题
右键terminal 选择 preference

text：#949692

3.5.设置topbar透明
打开应用商店搜索关键字top bar 找transparent top bar

4.下载python相关

4.1 安装 anaconda2

下载.sh 地址https://www.anaconda.com/distribution/
下载后安装

~$: bash Anaconda2-***.sh

安装好后设置系统python环境为anconda：

~$: sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /home/{you user name}/anaconda2/bin/python2 100
~$:  sudo update-alternatives --config python

测试是否安装成功,terminal 进入python看是否有anaconda字样

pip 报错 ImportError: cannot import name ‘main’

~$: python -m pip install --upgrade pip
~$: sudo gedit /usr/bin/pip

将：

from pip import main
if __name__=='__main__'
	sys.exit(main())

改为

from pip import __main__
if __name__=='__main__':
	sys.exit(__main__._main())

4.2 下载常用库

~$: sudo apt-get install htop
~$: sudo apt-get python-pip
~$: sudo apt-get install python-dev
~$: pip install pandas

4.3 下载talib

网址：http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/ta-lib/ta-lib-0.4.0-src.tar.gz
安装

~$: ./configure --prefix=/usr
~$: make
~$: sudo make install

将系统库的talib复制到anaconda里

~$: cp /usr/lib/libta_lib* /home/{your user name}/anaconda2/lib/

or install it through anacoda, as following:

~$ conda install -c quantopian ta-lib 

4.4安装opencv

~$: conda install --channel https://conda.anaconda.org/menpo opencv

5 安装和配置 pytcharm

下载地址https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/

把pycharm 建立desktop entry：
点击Tools>CreateDesktopEntry

配置pycharm主题
File>Settings>editor>Font : DejaVu Sans Mono
File>Settings>editor>Color Scheme Monokai

配置pycharm环境
File>Settings>Projec:>Project Interpreter

点击锯齿图标add

conda地址：/home/『you user name』/anaconda2/bin/python

或者添加系统python环境
/usr/bin/python2

6 tensorflow + keras 安装

6.1.1 非GPU 版本

~$: pip install --index-url https://pypi.douban.com/simple tensorflow
~$: pip install --index-url https://pypi.douban.com/simple keras

6.1.2 GPU 版本（不定时更新）

6.1.2.1 安装GPU最新驱动

reference:https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-install-the-nvidia-drivers-on-ubuntu-18-04-bionic-beaver-linux
方法一，terminal 安装驱动
step 1:添加显卡驱动repository：

~$: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
~$: sudo apt update

step 2:查看可安装驱动

~$: ubuntu-drivers devices

e.g:

~$: ubuntu-drivers devices
== /sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0 ==
modalias : pci:v000010DEd00001401sv00001462sd00003201bc03sc00i00
vendor   : NVIDIA Corporation
model    : GM206 [GeForce GTX 960]
driver   : nvidia-driver-418 - third-party free recommended
driver   : nvidia-driver-390 - distro non-free
driver   : nvidia-driver-396 - third-party free
driver   : nvidia-driver-410 - third-party free
driver   : nvidia-driver-415 - third-party free
driver   : xserver-xorg-video-nouveau - distro free builtin

step 2:安装驱动

1.可以通过terminal：
自动安装recommended：

~$: sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

或选择你想要安装的 (cuda 10 需要最新版本的显卡410以上）

~$: sudo apt install nvidia-418

2.或通过Software&Updates
Software&Updates > Additional Drivers
step 3:重启系统
方法二，手动下载驱动（如果terminal下载太慢）

step 1:查看GPU信息并下载驱动

~$: lshw -numeric -C display
or
~$: lspci -vnn | grep VGA

下载地址：https://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx

step 2:安装Prerequisites

~$: sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
~$: sudo apt update
~$: sudo apt install build-essential libc6:i386

step 3:关闭 Nouveau Nvidia driver

~$: sudo bash -c "echo blacklist nouveau > /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nvidia-nouveau.conf"
~$: sudo bash -c "echo options nouveau modeset=0 >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nvidia-nouveau.conf"

确定新的modprobe config file：

~$: cat /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nvidia-nouveau.conf
blacklist nouveau
options nouveau modeset=0

重新生成 initramfs

~$: sudo update-initramfs -u

重启电脑

step 4:退出图形界面

~$: sudo telinit 3

或
CTRL+ALT+F1

step 5:安装驱动

~$: cd Downloads
~$: sudo bash NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-***.**.***

step 6:重启系统

6.1.2.2 安装CUDA 10

reference：https://www.pytorials.com/how-to-install-tensorflow-gpu-with-cuda-10-0-for-python-on-ubuntu/

1）.下载Dependencies:

～$: sudo apt-get install build-essential 
～$:sudo apt-get install cmake git unzip zip
～$:sudo apt-get install python-dev python3-dev python-pip python3-pip

2）下载kernel header:

~$: sudo apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r)

3）下载并安装cuda：
清理之前的cuda （必须执行）

～$: sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
～$: sudo apt-get autoremove
～$: sudo apt-get autoclean
～$: sudo rm -rf /usr/local/cuda*

可以通过地址下载 CUDA Toolkit 10.0
或
通过以下命令行：

～$: sudo apt-key adv --fetch-keys http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64/7fa2af80.pub
～$: echo "deb https://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1804/x86_64 /" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/cuda.list

然后

～$：sudo apt-get update 
～$：sudo apt-get -o Dpkg::Options::="--force-overwrite" install cuda-10-0 cuda-drivers

重启电脑

～$：reboot

4）检查安装是否成功

～$：echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-10.0/bin${PATH:+:${PATH}}' >> ~/.bashrc
～$：echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda-10.0/lib64${LD_LIBRARY_PATH:+:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}}' >> ~/.bashrc
~$: source ~/.bashrc
~$: sudo ldconfig
~$: nvidia-smi

检查Driver Version 是不是410以上
你可以通过跑以下例子来判断cuda是否有效的安装

～$: cuda-install-samples-10.0.sh ~
～$: cd ~/NVIDIA_CUDA-10.0_Samples/5_Simulations/nbody
～$: make
～$: ./nbody

应该出现如下结果

如果出现什么都找不到的情况/或重启后分辨率不正常
返回2）重新安装linux header
然后

~$: sudo apt-get auto-remove

然后返回3）重新安装cuda10.0

2. 安装 cuDNN
下载地址：https://developer.nvidia.com/rdp/cudnn-archive
下载 cuDNN vx.x.x Libaray for Linux
下载好后解压，然后cd到cuDNN所在的位置，然后

~$: sudo cp -R cuda/include/* /usr/local/cuda-10.0/include
~$: sudo cp -R cuda/lib64/* /usr/local/cuda-10.0/lib64

3. 安装 NCCL
NVIDIA Collective Communications Library (NCCL)用来对NVIDIA显卡表现作加持
下载地址：https://developer.nvidia.com/nccl/nccl-download
下载后直接安装即可

6.1.2.3 安装 tensorflow-gpu &keras

~$: pip install --index-url https://pypi.douban.com/simple tensorflow-gpu
~$: pip install --index-url https://pypi.douban.com/simple keras

测试

~$:python
>>> import tensorflow as tf
>>> hello = tf.constant('Hello, TensorFlow!')
>>> sess = tf.Session()
>>> print(sess.run(hello))

7.安装桌面应用

桌面便签

~$: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:umang/indicator-stickynotes
~$: sudo apt-get update
~$: sudo apt-get install indicator-stickynotes

8.卸载应用

$: dpkg --list
$: sudo apt-get remove youdao-dict 

9.修正win时间不正确问题

1、进入windows系统
2、以管理员身份打开terminal
3、输入
Reg add HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\TimeZoneInformation /v RealTimeIsUniversal /t REG_DWORD /d 1
4、重启系统

10.安装python3+anaconda3+tensorflow+keras

10.1安装python3

~$: sudo apt-get install python3-pip python3-dev

10.2 安装anaconda3

下载.sh 地址https://www.anaconda.com/distribution/
下载后安装

~$: bash Anaconda3-***.sh

使用anaconda构建py环境

~$: sudo apt-get install coda

构建环境

~$: conda create --name xxx python=3.xxx

激活环境

~$: source conda activate xxxx

设置python 版本 (不建议使用此方法)

~$: sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /home/{you user name}/anaconda3/bin/python3 100

选择版本

~$:  sudo update-alternatives --config python

如果之前设置过python2 终端会出现如下类似的选项

There are 2 choices for the alternative python (providing /usr/bin/python).

  Selection    Path                               Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0            /home/{your account}/anaconda2/bin/python2   100       auto mode
  1            /home/{your account}/anaconda3/bin/python3   100       manual mode

Press <enter> to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number: 

然后按提示选择你要的用的python版本
设置号后在终端输入python看是否出现anaconda字样：

~$： python
Python 3.7.3 (default, Mar 27 2019, 22:11:17) 
[GCC 7.3.0] :: Anaconda, Inc. on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> 

10.3 安装tensorflow + keras

cpu版本tensorflow + keras

pip install --index-url https://pypi.douban.com/simple tensorflow
pip install --index-url https://pypi.douban.com/simple keras

验证是否安装成功

~$: python
Python 3.7.3 (default, Mar 27 2019, 22:11:17) 
[GCC 7.3.0] :: Anaconda, Inc. on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import tensorflow as tf
>>> import kears as k
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'kears'
>>> import keras as k
Using TensorFlow backend.
>>> 

gpu版本tensorflow
注：驱动和cuda在 7中介绍过了 这里直接执行如下命令即可

pip install --index-url https://pypi.douban.com/simple tensorflow-gpu

测试tensorflow是否成功安装

~$:python
>>> import tensorflow as tf
>>> hello = tf.constant('Hello, TensorFlow!')
>>> sess = tf.Session()
>>> print(sess.run(hello))

10.4 其他问题解决

10.4.1 conda command not found

export PATH=~/anaconda3/bin:$PATH

export PATH=~/anaconda2/bin:$PATH