MySQL行列转换

MySQL几个条件函数

一、IF函数 
表达式:IF(expr1,expr2,expr3) 
满足条件expr1即条件expr1返回true 
则expr2否则就是expr3 返回false 
作为排序条件使用时 放在order by 后 
eg: 
1. SELECT IF(1=1,2,3); 则输出2 
2.SELECT IF(1=2,2,3);则输出3 
select * from test_table order by if(ISNULL(idcard),1,0) 

格式：IF(Condition,A,B)

意义：当Condition为TRUE时，返回A；当Condition为FALSE时，返回B。

作用：作为条件语句使用。

例子：

SELECT
    fullName,
    actualHour,
    planhour,
    annotatorId,
    IF(actualHour-planhour>0.01,1,IF(actualHour-planhour<-0.01,-1,0)) AS ratio
FROM

    Table01

二、IFNULL函数 
表达式:IFNULL(expr1,expr2) 
如果expr1值为NULL,则输出expr2 
如果expr1值不为空则输出expr1本身

eg: 
1.SELECT IFNULL(null,”2”);则输出2 
2.SELECT IFNULL(3,”2”);则输出3

三、is not null函数 
select * from test where name is not null; 
四、isnull(expr) 的用法： 
如expr 为null，那么isnull() 的返回值为 1，否则返回值为 0。

数据样本：

create table tx(
 id int primary key,
 c1 char(2),
 c2 char(2),
 c3 int
);

insert into tx values
(1 ,'A1','B1',9),
(2 ,'A2','B1',7),
(3 ,'A3','B1',4),
(4 ,'A4','B1',2),
(5 ,'A1','B2',2),
(6 ,'A2','B2',9),
(7 ,'A3','B2',8),
(8 ,'A4','B2',5),
(9 ,'A1','B3',1),
(10 ,'A2','B3',8),
(11 ,'A3','B3',8),
(12 ,'A4','B3',6),
(13 ,'A1','B4',8),
(14 ,'A2','B4',2),
(15 ,'A3','B4',6),
(16 ,'A4','B4',9),
(17 ,'A1','B4',3),
(18 ,'A2','B4',5),
(19 ,'A3','B4',2),
(20 ,'A4','B4',5);

 

mysql> select * from tx;
+----+------+------+------+
| id | c1   | c2   | c3   |
+----+------+------+------+
|  1 | A1   | B1   |    9 |
|  2 | A2   | B1   |    7 |
|  3 | A3   | B1   |    4 |
|  4 | A4   | B1   |    2 |
|  5 | A1   | B2   |    2 |
|  6 | A2   | B2   |    9 |
|  7 | A3   | B2   |    8 |
|  8 | A4   | B2   |    5 |
|  9 | A1   | B3   |    1 |
| 10 | A2   | B3   |    8 |
| 11 | A3   | B3   |    8 |
| 12 | A4   | B3   |    6 |
| 13 | A1   | B4   |    8 |
| 14 | A2   | B4   |    2 |
| 15 | A3   | B4   |    6 |
| 16 | A4   | B4   |    9 |
| 17 | A1   | B4   |    3 |
| 18 | A2   | B4   |    5 |
| 19 | A3   | B4   |    2 |
| 20 | A4   | B4   |    5 |
+----+------+------+------+
20 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

期望结果

+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+
|Total |B1   |B2   |B3   |B4   |Total |
+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+
|A1    |9    |2    |1    |11   |23    |
|A2    |7    |9    |8    |7    |31    |
|A3    |4    |8    |8    |8    |28    |
|A4    |2    |5    |6    |14   |27    |
|Total |22   |24   |23   |40   |109   |
+------+-----+-----+-----+-----+------+

1. 利用SUM(IF()) 生成列 + WITH ROLLUP 生成汇总行,并利用 IFNULL将汇总行标题显示为 Total

mysql>

SELECT
IFNULL(c1,'total') AS total,
SUM(IF(c2='B1',c3,0)) AS B1,
SUM(IF(c2='B2',c3,0)) AS B2,
SUM(IF(c2='B3',c3,0)) AS B3,
SUM(IF(c2='B4',c3,0)) AS B4,
SUM(IF(c2='total',c3,0)) AS total
FROM (
SELECT c1,IFNULL(c2,'total') AS c2,SUM(c3) AS c3
FROM tx   GROUP BY c1,c2
WITH ROLLUP  
HAVING c1 IS NOT NULL
) AS A
GROUP BY c1
WITH ROLLUP;

 

 

+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| total | B1   | B2   | B3   | B4   | total |
+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| A1    |    9 |    2 |    1 |   11 |    23 |
| A2    |    7 |    9 |    8 |    7 |    31 |
| A3    |    4 |    8 |    8 |    8 |    28 |
| A4    |    2 |    5 |    6 |   14 |    27 |
| total |   22 |   24 |   23 |   40 |   109 |
+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
5 rows in set, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

2. 利用SUM(IF()) 生成列 + UNION 生成汇总行,并利用 IFNULL将汇总行标题显示为 Total
mysql>

select c1,
sum(if(c2='B1',C3,0)) AS B1,
sum(if(c2='B2',C3,0)) AS B2,
sum(if(c2='B3',C3,0)) AS B3,
sum(if(c2='B4',C3,0)) AS B4,SUM(C3) AS TOTAL
from tx
group by C1
UNION
SELECT 'TOTAL',sum(if(c2='B1',C3,0)) AS B1,
sum(if(c2='B2',C3,0)) AS B2,
sum(if(c2='B3',C3,0)) AS B3,
sum(if(c2='B4',C3,0)) AS B4,SUM(C3) FROM TX;

 

+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| c1    | B1   | B2   | B3   | B4   | TOTAL |
+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| A1    |    9 |    2 |    1 |   11 |    23 |
| A2    |    7 |    9 |    8 |    7 |    31 |
| A3    |    4 |    8 |    8 |    8 |    28 |
| A4    |    2 |    5 |    6 |   14 |    27 |
| TOTAL |   22 |   24 |   23 |   40 |   109 |
+-------+------+------+------+------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

 

3.  利用SUM(IF()) 生成列,直接生成结果不再利用子查询
mysql>

select
ifnull(c1,'total'),
sum(if(c2='B1',C3,0)) AS B1,
sum(if(c2='B2',C3,0)) AS B2,
sum(if(c2='B3',C3,0)) AS B3,
sum(if(c2='B4',C3,0)) AS B4,SUM(C3) AS TOTAL
from tx
group by C1 with rollup ;

 

+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| ifnull(c1,'total') | B1   | B2   | B3   | B4   | TOTAL |
+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| A1                 |    9 |    2 |    1 |   11 |    23 |
| A2                 |    7 |    9 |    8 |    7 |    31 |
| A3                 |    4 |    8 |    8 |    8 |    28 |
| A4                 |    2 |    5 |    6 |   14 |    27 |
| total              |   22 |   24 |   23 |   40 |   109 |
+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

4. 动态，适用于列不确定情况，

mysql> SET @EE='';
mysql> SELECT @EE :=CONCAT(@EE ,'SUM(IF(C2=\'',C2,'\'',',C3,0)) AS ',C2,',') FROM (SELECT DISTINCT C2 FROM TX) A;

 

mysql> SET @QQ=CONCAT('SELECT ifnull(c1,\'total\'),',LEFT(@EE ,LENGTH(@EE)-1),' ,SUM(C3) AS TOTAL FROM TX GROUP BY C1 WITH ROLLUP');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 

mysql> PREPARE stmt2 FROM @QQ ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Statement prepared

mysql> EXECUTE stmt2;
+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| ifnull(c1,'total') | B1   | B2   | B3   | B4   | TOTAL |
+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
| A1                 |    9 |    2 |    1 |   11 |    23 |
| A2                 |    7 |    9 |    8 |    7 |    31 |
| A3                 |    4 |    8 |    8 |    8 |    28 |
| A4                 |    2 |    5 |    6 |   14 |    27 |
| total              |   22 |   24 |   23 |   40 |   109 |
+--------------------+------+------+------+------+-------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

其实数据库中也可以用 CASE WHEN / DECODE 代替 IF

 

sum(if(c2='B1',C3,0)) AS B1

可改写为

sum(case c2 when 'B1' then C3 else 0 end) AS B1

静态行专列

 select st.stuid 编号, st.stunm 姓名 ,
Max(case c.coursenm when '大学语文' then s.scores else 0 end ) '大学语文',
max(case c.coursenm when '新视野英语' then IFNULL(s.scores,0)else 0 end) '新视野英语',
Max(case c.coursenm when '离散数学' then IFNULL(s.scores,0) ELSE 0 END) '离散数学',
MAX(case c.coursenm when '概率论与数理统计' then IFNULL(s.scores,0) else 0 end) '概率论与数理统计',
MAX(case c.coursenm  when '线性代数' then IFNULL(s.scores,0) else 0 END) '线性代数',
MAX(case c.coursenm when '高等数学(一)' THEN IFNULL(s.scores,0) else 0 end) '高等数学(一)',
MAX(case c.coursenm when '高等数学(二)' THEN IFNULL(s.scores,0) else 0 end) '高等数学(二)'
from  student st 
LEFT JOIN score s on st.stuid = s.stuid
LEFT JOIN courses c on c.courseno = s.courseno
GROUP BY st.stuid

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再来看看 运行结果:

这就是实现了简单的行列

再来看看group_concat() 这个函数

group_concat()，手册上说明:该函数返回带有来自一个组的连接的非NULL值的字符串结果。 
比较抽象，难以理解。

通俗点理解，其实是这样的：group_concat()会计算哪些行属于同一组，将属于同一组的列显示出来。要返回哪些列，由函

数参数(就是字段名)决定。分组必须有个标准，就是根据group by指定的列进行分组。

这些都是从网上看到的解释，但还是不好理解，我们直接上代码，看看run出来的结果，根据run之后的结果再回过来看！

select   s.stuid 编号 , GROUP_CONCAT(courseno) 课程号 , GROUP_CONCAT(s.scores)  成绩  from score s GROUP BY  s.stuid

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