java常用类02-string

java常用类

String类

hashCode()

返回字符串的哈希码（相当于一个地址，用户指定字符串存放的地址，在hashset中大量使用。

indexOf()

public class Demo03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String str = "123";
        int index = str.indexOf("1");
        System.out.println(index);
    }
}


public class Demo03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String str = "1233333";
        int index = str.indexOf('c',2); // ch;fromindex
        System.out.println(index); // 1

    }
}

public class Demo03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String str = "1233333";
        int index = str.indexOf('3',2);
        int index1 = str.lastIndexOf('3');
        System.out.println(index); // 1
        System.out.println(index1); // 6

    }
}

replace()

        // replace()
        String s1 = "hi, good morning";
        String s2 = s1.replace('o','e');
        System.out.println(s2); // hi, geed merning

        String s1 = "hi, good morning, good boy";        
				String s3 = s1.replace("good","bad");
        System.out.println(s3); // hi, bad morning, bad boy

replaceFirst() 只替换第一个匹配的元素

split()

返回值是数组

     		// split()
        String s4 = "123,343,213";
        String[] s5 = s4.split(",");
        for (int i = 0; i < s5.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(s5[i]);
        }
        // 123
        // 343
        // 213

				// 限制使用次数
				String[] s5 = s4.split(",",2);
        for (int i = 0; i < s5.length; i++) {
            System.out.println(s5[i]); 
        // 123
			  // 343,213
        }

startsWith()

 // s4 从 索引位置4 开始 是否以"34"开头
        System.out.println(s4.startsWith("34",4)); // true

substring

public class Demo04 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String str = "123,231,314,563";
        System.out.println(str.substring(3)); // ,231,314,563
      	System.out.println(str.substring(3,5)); // not include 5
        // output: ,2
    }
}

toLowerCase()

 				String str = "123,231,A314,563";
        System.out.println(str.toLowerCase()); // 123,231,a314,563

        String s1 = "adf";
        System.out.println(str.toLowerCase()); // 123,231,a314,563
        System.out.println(s1.toUpperCase()); // ADF

trim()

忽略前导空白和尾部空白

源码分析

string是一旦定义就不可改变的

private final char value[]

字符串比较用 equals()

public class Demo05 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String s1 = "hello" + " java";
        String s2 = "hello java";
        System.out.println(s1 == s2); // true
        System.out.println(s1.equals(s2)); // true
        String s3 = "hello";
        String s4 = " java";
        String s5 = s3 + s4;
        System.out.println(s2 == s5); // false
        System.out.println(s2.equals(s5)); //true
    }
}

stringBuilder & stringBuffer

StringBuilder:

char[] value

没有final修饰，可变的字符序列

两者的区别：StringBuilder线程不安全，效率高；StringBuffer线程安全，效率低

一般使用StringBuilder

public class Demo06 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("dsfaafgar");
        System.out.println(Integer.toHexString(sb.hashCode()));
        System.out.println(sb);

        sb.setCharAt(2,'M');
        System.out.println(Integer.toHexString(sb.hashCode()));
        System.out.println(sb);

        // output: 地址没有改变，说明是同一个对象
        // 61bbe9ba
        // dsfaafgar
        // 61bbe9ba
        // dsMaafgar

用法

public class Demo07 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++){
            sb.append((char)('a'+i));
        }
        System.out.println(sb); // abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
        sb.reverse();
        System.out.println(sb); // zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba
        sb.setCharAt(3,'M');
        System.out.println(sb); // zyxMvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba
        sb.insert(0,'7');
        System.out.println(sb); // 7zyxMvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba
        // insert 支持链式调用,因为这个方法return this，将自己返回了
        sb.insert(0,'2').insert(5,'9');
        System.out.println(sb); // 27zyx9Mvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcba
        sb.delete(20,23); // 也支持链式调用
        System.out.println(sb); // 27zyx9Mvutsrqponmlkjfedcba
    }
}

测试可变/不可变字符序列的使用

// 测试可变字符序列和不可变字符序列使用的陷阱
public class Demo08 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // 使用string进行字符串拼接
        String str = "";
        long num1 = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();
        long time1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for(int i = 0;i < 5000;i++){
            str = str+i; // 相当于产生了10000个对象
            // i也会作为一个对象进行字符串的拼接
            // 耗费时间和空间 尽量避免
        }
        long num2 = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();
        long time2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("string take memory: "+ (num1-num2));
        System.out.println("string take time: "+ (time2-time1));

        // 使用stringbuilder进行字符串拼接(推荐使用)

        StringBuilder sb1 = new StringBuilder("");
        long num3 = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();
        long time3 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        for(int i=0;i<5000;i++){
            sb1.append(i); // 不会频繁产生额外的对象 节省时间和空间
        }
        long num4 = Runtime.getRuntime().freeMemory();
        long time4 = System.currentTimeMillis();
        System.out.println("string take memory: "+ (num3-num4));
        System.out.println("string take time: "+ (time4-time3));
    }
}

output:
string take memory: 33158248
string take time: 79
stringbuilder take memory: 0
stringbuilder take time: 0