Oracle
Oracle可使用转置函数:unpiovt、pivot。
一、列转行:unpiovt
1、构建表
create table score(
姓名 varchar2(10),
语文 integer,
数学 integer,
英语 integer
);
insert into score values ('张三',91,92,93);
insert into score values ('李四',80,81,null);
insert into score values ('王五',70,78,80);
commit ;
select * from score ;
2、列转行
2.1 NULL值不转
-- 不含null列
select 姓名,科目,成绩 from score
unpivot ( 成绩 for 科目 in ( 语文, 数学, 英语 ) ) ;
2.2 NULL值转
-- 含null列
select 姓名,科目,成绩 from score
unpivot include nulls ( 成绩 for 科目 in ( 语文, 数学, 英语 ) ) ;
二、行转列:piovt
1、构建表
create table city(
城市 varchar2(10),
年月 char(6),
数量 INTEGER
);
insert into city values ('北京','202001',1000);
insert into city values ('北京','202004',1023);
insert into city values ('北京','202007',1980);
insert into city values ('北京','202010',1098);
insert into city values ('北京','202101',988);
insert into city values ('北京','202104',976);
insert into city values ('北京','202107',1098);
insert into city values ('北京','202110',1221);
insert into city values ('上海','202001',1222);
insert into city values ('上海','202004',800);
insert into city values ('上海','202007',908);
insert into city values ('上海','202010',1009);
insert into city values ('上海','202101',709);
insert into city values ('上海','202104',799);
insert into city values ('上海','202107',980);
insert into city values ('上海','202110',897);
commit ;
select * from city ;
2、行转列
-- 行转列(Oracle列名不能以数字开头)
select * from city
pivot(
SUM(数量) for 年月 in (
'202001' as Q202001,
'202004' as Q202004,
'202007' as Q202007,
'202010' as Q202010,
'202101' as Q202101,
'202104' as Q202104,
'202107' as Q202107,
'202110' as Q202110
)
) ;
也有动态行转列的语法,用于列名不固定的情况,但是生成的是xml格式,后续还需处理。
MySQL
MySQL无unpiovt、pivot这两个函数,unpiovt 用 union all 实现,pivot用聚合函数+ case when/if 等判断语句 实现。
一、列转行:用 union all 实现
SELECT 姓名,'语文' AS 科目,语文 AS 成绩 FROM score
UNION ALL
SELECT 姓名,'数学' AS 科目,数学 AS 成绩 FROM score
UNION ALL
SELECT 姓名,'英语' AS 科目,英语 AS 成绩 FROM score ;
二、行转列:用 聚合函数+ case when/if 等判断语句 实现
SELECT
城市,
SUM(IF(年月 = '202001', 数量, 0)) AS Q202001,
SUM(IF(年月 = '202004', 数量, 0)) AS Q202004,
SUM(IF(年月 = '202007', 数量, 0)) AS Q202007,
SUM(IF(年月 = '202010', 数量, 0)) AS Q202010,
SUM(IF(年月 = '202101', 数量, 0)) AS Q202101,
SUM(IF(年月 = '202104', 数量, 0)) AS Q202104,
SUM(IF(年月 = '202107', 数量, 0)) AS Q202107,
SUM(IF(年月 = '202110', 数量, 0)) AS Q202110
FROM
city
GROUP BY 城市;