死锁及如何解决死锁

弥野月亮

已于 2023-05-04 10:48:06 修改

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分类专栏： JAVA基础文章标签： jvm java eclipse

于 2023-05-04 10:47:11 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40650422/article/details/130482373

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文章通过代码示例解释了死锁发生的原因，即线程间不同步获取锁导致无限等待。为了避免死锁，建议保持所有线程获取锁的顺序一致。示例中展示了两个线程尝试以不同顺序获取两个锁，导致死锁，而修正后的代码则遵循相同的锁获取顺序，从而避免了死锁问题。

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死锁的原因

多线程各自持有不同的锁，并互相试图获取对方已持有的锁，导致无限等待。死锁发生后，没有任何机制能解除死锁，只能强制结束JVM进程。

如何避免死锁

避免死锁的方法是多线程获取锁的顺序要一致。

代码示例

这种情况会造成死锁：线程1在试图获取线程2已经获取并未释放的锁
什么时候会释放锁：synchronized代码块结束之后才会释放由synchronized获取的锁

package org.meituan.javalearn.thread;

/**
 * @projectName: codebetter
 * @package: org.meituan.javalearn.thread
 * @className: DeadLock
 * @author: fangjiayueyuan
 * @description: 死锁
 * @date: 2023/5/4 上午10:30
 * @version: 1.0
 */
public class DeadLock {
    static final Object LOCK_A = new Object();
    static final Object LOCK_B = new Object();
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread1().start();
        new Thread2().start();
    }
    static void sleep1s() {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}
class Thread1 extends Thread {

    public void run() {
        System.out.println("Thread-1: try get lock A...");
        synchronized (DeadLock.LOCK_A) {
            System.out.println("Thread-1: lock A got.");
            DeadLock.sleep1s();
            System.out.println("Thread-1: try get lock B...");
            synchronized (DeadLock.LOCK_B) {
                System.out.println("Thread-1: lock B got.");
                DeadLock.sleep1s();
            }
            System.out.println("Thread-1: lock B released.");
        }
        System.out.println("Thread-1: lock A released.");
    }
}

class Thread2 extends Thread {

    public void run() {
        System.out.println("Thread-2: try get lock B...");
        synchronized (DeadLock.LOCK_B) {
            System.out.println("Thread-2: lock B got.");
            DeadLock.sleep1s();
            System.out.println("Thread-2: try get lock A...");
            synchronized (DeadLock.LOCK_A) {
                System.out.println("Thread-2: lock A got.");
                DeadLock.sleep1s();
            }
            System.out.println("Thread-2: lock A released.");
        }
        System.out.println("Thread-2: lock B released.");
    }
}

改写代码：按照相同的顺序去获取锁，避免死锁

package org.meituan.javalearn.thread;

/**
 * @projectName: codebetter
 * @package: org.meituan.javalearn.thread
 * @className: DeadLock
 * @author: fangjiayueyuan
 * @description: 死锁
 * @date: 2023/5/4 上午10:30
 * @version: 1.0
 */
public class DeadLock {
    static final Object LOCK_A = new Object();
    static final Object LOCK_B = new Object();
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread1().start();
        new Thread2().start();
    }
    static void sleep1s() {
        try {
            Thread.sleep(1000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}
class Thread1 extends Thread {

    public void run() {
        System.out.println("Thread-1: try get lock A...");
        synchronized (DeadLock.LOCK_A) {
            System.out.println("Thread-1: lock A got.");
            DeadLock.sleep1s();
            System.out.println("Thread-1: try get lock B...");
            synchronized (DeadLock.LOCK_B) {
                System.out.println("Thread-1: lock B got.");
                DeadLock.sleep1s();
            }
            System.out.println("Thread-1: lock B released.");
        }
        System.out.println("Thread-1: lock A released.");
    }
}

class Thread2 extends Thread {

    public void run() {
        System.out.println("Thread-2: try get lock A...");
        synchronized (DeadLock.LOCK_A) {
            System.out.println("Thread-2: lock A got.");
            DeadLock.sleep1s();
            System.out.println("Thread-2: try get lock B...");
            synchronized (DeadLock.LOCK_B) {
                System.out.println("Thread-2: lock B got.");
                DeadLock.sleep1s();
            }
            System.out.println("Thread-2: lock B released.");
        }
        System.out.println("Thread-2: lock A released.");
    }
}