Android 上传图片到服务器
一、Android端选择图片并显示
1.设计item
我们将使用RecyclerView来展示我们选择好的图片。因此我们首先要设计item，item有两种：添加按钮、图片。
添加按钮item：add_image_button_item.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="110dp"
android:layout_height="115dp">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/iv_img"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="100dp"
android:scaleType="centerCrop"
android:src="@mipmap/img_pick"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"/>
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
图片：image_item.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="110dp"
android:layout_height="110dp">
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/iv_img"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="100dp"
android:scaleType="centerCrop"
android:src="@mipmap/img_pick"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"/>
<ProgressBar
android:id="@+id/pb_bar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="100dp"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"/>
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/iv_delete"
android:layout_width="35dp"
android:layout_height="35dp"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:src="@mipmap/delete"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
这个item包括了显示图片的ImageView，带一个右上角的删除按钮，底部带一个进度条。
当item显示图片时，删除按钮，进度条都应该设置为可见。当item是一个添加按钮时，它们就要隐藏。图片与添加按钮本来是可以分开的，但是为了方便，我将其写在一起。
activity_main.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView
android:id="@+id/rv_img"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintLeft_toLeftOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintRight_toRightOf="parent"
app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
2.设计数据类
数据类中有我们的图片数据：ImageFileBean.java。
public class ImageFileBean {
private File file; // 图片文件
private boolean isUpload = false; //标识该文件是否上传
private Bitmap bitmap;// 图片
private boolean startUpload; // 标识图片是否开始上传，以此控件ProgressBar的显示
public ImageFileBean(File file, int pg) {
this.file = file;
}
public ImageFileBean(File file, Bitmap bitmap,boolean isUpload) {
this.file = file;
this.isUpload = isUpload;
this.bitmap = bitmap;
}
...
}
将图片数据与添加按钮统一处理的数据类：ItemBean.java。
public class ItemBean {
private boolean isButton; // 是否是添加图片的按钮
private ImageFileBean imageFileBean;
public ItemBean(){}
public ItemBean(ImageFileBean bean,boolean isButton){
this.imageFileBean = bean;
this.isButton = isButton;
}
...
}
3.编写适配器，将数据装配到视图上
LoadImageAdapter.java:
package com.wong.imageupload;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.recyclerview.widget.RecyclerView;
import java.util.List;
public class LoadImageAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<LoadImageAdapter.ButtonViewHolder> {
private final static int BUTTON_TYPE = 100;
private final static int IMAGE_TYPE = 200;
private List<ItemBean> list = null;
private OnImageItemClickListener onImageItemClickListener;
public LoadImageAdapter(List<ItemBean> list) {
this.list = list;
}
@NonNull
@Override
public ButtonViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
switch (viewType) {
case BUTTON_TYPE:
View buttonView = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.add_image_button_item, parent, false);
return new ButtonViewHolder(buttonView);
default:
View imageView = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.image_item, parent, false);
return new ImageViewHolder(imageView);
}
}
@Override
public void onBindViewHolder(@NonNull ButtonViewHolder holder, final int position) {
if (!list.get(position).isButton()) {
ImageViewHolder imageViewHolder = (ImageViewHolder)holder;
// 显示图片
imageViewHolder.mIVImg.setImageBitmap(list.get(position).getImageFileBean().getBitmap());
boolean startUpload = list.get(position).getImageFileBean().isStartUpload();
boolean isUpload = list.get(position).getImageFileBean().isUpload();
if(startUpload && !isUpload){
imageViewHolder.mPB.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
}else{
imageViewHolder.mPB.setVisibility(View.GONE);
}
// 点击删除按钮
imageViewHolder.mIVDel.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (onImageItemClickListener != null) {
onImageItemClickListener.onDelete(v, list.get(position), position);
}
}
});
}
holder.mIVImg.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (onImageItemClickListener != null) {
onImageItemClickListener.onClick(v, list.get(position), position);
}
}
});
}
@Override
public int getItemCount() {
return list.size();
}
@Override
public int getItemViewType(int position) {
if (list.get(position).isButton()) {
return BUTTON_TYPE;
} else {
return IMAGE_TYPE;
}
}
public void setOnImageItemClickListener(OnImageItemClickListener onImageItemClickListener) {
this.onImageItemClickListener = onImageItemClickListener;
}
static class ButtonViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
ImageView mIVImg;
View view;
public ButtonViewHolder(@NonNull View itemView) {
super(itemView);
view = itemView;
mIVImg = itemView.findViewById(R.id.iv_img);
}
}
static class ImageViewHolder extends ButtonViewHolder {
ImageView mIVDel;
ProgressBar mPB;
public ImageViewHolder(@NonNull View itemView) {
super(itemView);
mIVDel = itemView.findViewById(R.id.iv_delete);
mPB = itemView.findViewById(R.id.pb_bar);
}
}
public interface OnImageItemClickListener {
void onClick(View view, ItemBean itemBean, int position);
void onDelete(View view, ItemBean itemBean, int position);
}
}
4.核心代码
4.1打开相册的方式
// 这种方式是通过action方式打开android的其他app来完成的
Intent galleryIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK); // 系统默认的图片选择程序
galleryIntent.setType("image/*");
startActivityForResult(galleryIntent,REQUEST_GALLERY);
获取选中的图片：
Uri uri = data.getData();
4.2打开拍照的方式
// 这种方式是通过action方式打开android的其他app来完成的
// MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE 即android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE
Intent cameraIntent = new Intent(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);// 系统的相机程序
// 准备图片名称
String imageName = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-","")+".jpg";
// 创建应用内缓存目录cache/images
CacheUtils.createImagesCacheFolder(MainActivity.this);
File cameraFile = new File(CacheUtils.getCacheImagesFolder(MainActivity.this).getPath()+"/"+imageName);
// 创建好图片文件接收拍照的数据
if(!cameraFile.exists()){
try {
cameraFile.createNewFile();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if(Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
// 在官方7.0的以上的系统中，尝试传递 file://URI可能会触发FileUriExposedException。7.0以上的系统需要使用FileProvider兼容拍照
cameraUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(MainActivity.this, "com.wong.camera.fileprovider", cameraFile);
}else{
cameraUri = Uri.fromFile(cameraFile);
}
cameraIntent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT,cameraUri);
startActivityForResult(cameraIntent,REQUEST_CAMERA);
4.2.1兼容7.0后的拍照
在官方7.0的以上的系统中，尝试传递 file://URI可能会触发FileUriExposedException。7.0以上的系统需要使用FileProvider兼容拍照：
第一步：在AndroidManifest.xml加入以下内容。
<provider
android:authorities="com.wong.camera.fileprovider"
android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
android:exported="false"
android:grantUriPermissions="true">
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
android:resource="@xml/fileprovider"/>
</provider>
第二步：新建资源目录xml，并配置FileProvider的资源目录。
fileprovider.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<!--name,此值会隐藏您要共享的子目录的名称,path,实际的子目录名称-->
<!--设备根目录new File("/")-->
<root-path name="root" path="" />
<!--代表context.getFilesDir()-->
<files-path name="my_files" path="files" />
<!--代表context.getCacheDir()-->
<cache-path name="cache" path="images" />
<!--代表Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(),如下代表的目录即为：Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory()/upload，其他同理。-->
<external-path name="external" path="upload" />
<!--代表context.getExternalFilesDirs()-->
<external-files-path name="name1" path="path1" />
<!--代表getExternalCacheDirs()-->
<external-cache-path name="name2" path="path2" />
</paths>
通过URI获取图片：
Bitmap bitmap = null;
if(uri != null){
try {
BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
options.inSampleSize = 2; // 图片宽高都为原来的二分之一，即图片为原来的四分之一
bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(this.getContentResolver().openInputStream(uri), null, options);
String filePath = uri.getEncodedPath();;
File file = new File(filePath);
}catch (Exception e){
}
}
4.3获取图片
/**
* 将Uri图片类型转换成File，BitMap类型
* 在界面上显示BitMap图片，以防止内存溢出
* 上传可选择File文件上传
*
* @param uri
*/
private void saveUriToFile(Uri uri,int from) {
Bitmap bitmap = null;
if (uri != null) {
try {
BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
options.inSampleSize = 2; // 图片宽高都为原来的二分之一，即图片为原来的四分之一
bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream(this.getContentResolver().openInputStream(uri), null, options);
File file = null;
switch (from){
case REQUEST_GALLERY:
String filePath = FileUtils.getRealFilePath(this,uri);
File oldFile = new File(filePath);
// 修改文件名
String newFileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-","")+".jpg";
String newFilePath = oldFile.getParent()+"/"+newFileName;
file = new File(newFilePath);
oldFile.renameTo(file);
break;
case REQUEST_CAMERA:
file = cameraFile;
break;
}
if(file == null || !file.exists()){
Log.i("异常：","文件不存在！");
}
list.remove(addImgButton); // 先删除
if (list.size() < DEFAULT_NUM) {
ItemBean itemBean = new ItemBean(new ImageFileBean(file, bitmap, false), false);
list.add(itemBean);
if (list.size() < DEFAULT_NUM) {
// 如果图片数量还没有达到最大值，则将添加按钮添加到list后面
list.add(addImgButton);
}
}
adapter.notifyDataSetChanged();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
}
}
4.4.单文件上传图片核心代码
在form表单中enctype属性规定了form表单在发送到服务器时候编码方式，它有如下的三个值：
①application/x-www-form-urlencoded：默认的编码方式。但是在用文本的传输和MP3等大型文件的时候，使用这种编码就显得 效率低下。
②multipart/form-data：指定传输数据为二进制类型，比如图片、mp3、文件。
③text/plain：纯文体的传输。空格转换为 “+” 加号，但不对特殊字符编码。
private void uploadImage(final ImageFileBean fileBean) {
File file = fileBean.getFile();
if (file == null) return;
if(!file.exists()){
Toast.makeText(this, "文件不存在！", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
}
viewHolder.mTVText.setText("HashCode#"+SHA256.getSHA256(file));
Log.i("文件HashCode:",SHA256.getSHA256(file));
// 准备Body
RequestBody requestBody = new MultipartBody.Builder()
.setType(MultipartBody.FORM)
.addFormDataPart("name",file.getName())// 其他信息
.addFormDataPart("id","12,13,14")// 其他信息
.addFormDataPart("type","2")// 其他信
.addFormDataPart("file", file.getName(),
RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), file))//文件
.build();
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(Global.UPLOAD_URL).post(requestBody)
.addHeader("user-agent", "PDA")
.addHeader("x-userid", "752332")// 添加x-userid请求头
.addHeader("x-sessionkey", "kjhsfjkaskfashfuiwf")// 添加x-sessionkey请求头
.addHeader("x-tonce", Long.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString())// 添加x-tonce请求头
.addHeader("x-timestamp", Long.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis()).toString())// 添加x-timestamp请求头
.build();
OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
final Message msg = myHandler.obtainMessage();
okHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
@Override
public void onFailure(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull IOException e) {
msg.obj = fileBean;
msg.what =0;
myHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
@Override
public void onResponse(@NotNull Call call, @NotNull Response response) throws IOException {
String result = response.body().string();
Log.i("上传图片结果：", result);
msg.obj = fileBean;
if (!response.isSuccessful()) {
Log.i("响应失败：", response.code() + "");
msg.what =1;
return;
}
msg.what = 3;
myHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
});
}
4.5.多文件上传图片核心代码
二、服务器端
服务端我们选择用SpringBoot来实现，非常简单：
/**
* 单文件上传
*
* @param file
* @param model
* @param request
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("/api/upload")
public String fileUpload(@RequestParam(value = "file") MultipartFile file, Model model, HttpServletRequest request, @RequestParam(value = "type") int type, @RequestHeader(value = "user-agent") String userAgent) {
if (file.isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("文件为空空");
}
logger.info("获得的其他参数type=" + type);
logger.info("获得的Header user-agent=" + userAgent.toString());
// 如果参数比较少可以直接在方法上使用注解@RequestParam来映射到不同的名称上获得，当然如果不用此注解，也可以定义一个与传过来的参数名一样的形参来获得
// 蒜从客户端传过来的其他参数
Enumeration names = request.getParameterNames();
while (names.hasMoreElements()) {
String key = names.nextElement().toString();
logger.info("客户端传过来的参数＃key＝" + key + ",value=" + request.getParameterValues(key).toString());
}
Enumeration headers = request.getHeaderNames();
while (headers.hasMoreElements()) {
String key = headers.nextElement().toString();
String info = "客户端传过来的Header参数:key＝" + key + ",value=" + request.getHeader(key);
logger.info(info);
}
// BMP、JPG、JPEG、PNG、GIF
String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename(); // 文件名
logger.info("上传文件名：" + fileName);
String suffixName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf(".")); // 后缀名
// 验证上传的文件是否图片
if (!".bmp".equalsIgnoreCase(suffixName) && !".jpg".equalsIgnoreCase(suffixName)
&& !".jpeg".equalsIgnoreCase(suffixName)
&& !".png".equalsIgnoreCase(suffixName)
&& !".gif".equalsIgnoreCase(suffixName)) {
return "上传失败，请选择BMP、JPG、JPEG、PNG、GIF文件！";
}
fileName = UUID.randomUUID() + suffixName; // 新文件名
File dest = new File(fileName);
// 如果文件的父路径不存在，则创建
if (fileName.startsWith("/") && !dest.getParentFile().exists()) {
dest.getParentFile().mkdirs();
}
// 开始存放文件到指定目录去
try {
file.transferTo(dest);
return "上传成功";
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return "上传失败";
}
}
同时在application.yml配置文件配置上传的目录：
spring:
servlet:
multipart:
location: /home/kyun/Downloads/recFiles
附：HTTP请求报文
用WireShark软件对Android发起请求时的数据进行拦截，得到的HTTP请求的报文：
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
POST /api/upload HTTP/1.1\r\n
[Expert Info (Chat/Sequence): POST /api/upload HTTP/1.1\r\n]
[POST /api/upload HTTP/1.1\r\n]
[Severity level: Chat]
[Group: Sequence]
Request Method: POST
Request URI: /api/upload
Request Version: HTTP/1.1
user-agent: PDA\r\n
x-userid: 752332\r\n
x-sessionkey: kjhsfjkaskfashfuiwf\r\n
x-tonce: 1591980645278\r\n
x-timestamp: 1591980645278\r\n
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=27fba8d3-a15a-40f6-8880-e0af1932914b\r\n
Content-Length: 48558\r\n
[Content length: 48558]
Host: 192.168.43.120:8080\r\n
Connection: Keep-Alive\r\n
Accept-Encoding: gzip\r\n
\r\n
[Full request URI: http://192.168.43.120:8080/api/upload]
[HTTP request 1/1]
[Response in frame: 334]
File Data: 48558 bytes
MIME Multipart Media Encapsulation, Type: multipart/form-data, Boundary: "27fba8d3-a15a-40f6-8880-e0af1932914b"
[Type: multipart/form-data]
First boundary: --27fba8d3-a15a-40f6-8880-e0af1932914b\r\n
Encapsulated multipart part:
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="name"\r\n
Content-Length: 36\r\n\r\n
Data (36 bytes)
Data: 353636386333306432636638346534613834323364383837…
[Length: 36]
Boundary: \r\n--27fba8d3-a15a-40f6-8880-e0af1932914b\r\n
Encapsulated multipart part:
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="id"\r\n
Content-Length: 8\r\n\r\n
Data (8 bytes)
Data: 31322c31332c3134
[Length: 8]
Boundary: \r\n--27fba8d3-a15a-40f6-8880-e0af1932914b\r\n
Encapsulated multipart part:
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="type"\r\n
Content-Length: 1\r\n\r\n
Data (1 byte)
Data: 32
[Length: 1]
Boundary: \r\n--27fba8d3-a15a-40f6-8880-e0af1932914b\r\n
Encapsulated multipart part: (multipart/form-data)
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="file"; filename="5668c30d2cf84e4a8423d887527fd069.jpg"\r\n
Content-Type: multipart/form-data\r\n
Content-Length: 47952\r\n\r\n
The multipart dissector could not find a required parameter.
[Expert Info (Error/Protocol): The multipart dissector could not find a required parameter.]
[The multipart dissector could not find a required parameter.]
[Severity level: Error]
[Group: Protocol]
Data (47952 bytes)
Data: ffd8ffe12ee245786966000049492a00080000000b001001…
[Length: 47952]
Last boundary: \r\n--27fba8d3-a15a-40f6-8880-e0af1932914b--\r\n
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