ESP32-BMP180气压、气温传感器

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BMP180传感器介绍

BMP180可以实时的测量大气压力，还能测量实时温度。具有IIC总线的接口。
BMP180详解

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一、连接引脚

示例：BMP180传感器使用I2C传输数据 。
4根引脚，名称与功能如下;
vcc 为外接供电电源输入端
GND 地线
SCL I2C通信模式时钟信号，连接ESP32的18引脚
SDA I2C通信模式数据信号，连接ESP32的19引脚

二、使用步骤

1.创建代码

代码如下（示例）：

'''
bmp180 is a micropython module for the Bosch BMP180 sensor. It measures
temperature as well as pressure, with a high enough resolution to calculate
altitude.
Breakoutboard: http://www.adafruit.com/products/1603  
data-sheet: http://ae-bst.resource.bosch.com/media/products/dokumente/
bmp180/BST-BMP180-DS000-09.pdf
The MIT License (MIT)
Copyright (c) 2014 Sebastian Plamauer, oeplse@gmail.com
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.
'''

from ustruct import unpack as unp
from machine import I2C, Pin
import math
import time

# BMP180 class
class BMP180():
    '''
    Module for the BMP180 pressure sensor.
    '''

    _bmp_addr = 119             # adress of BMP180 is hardcoded on the sensor

    # init
    def __init__(self, i2c_bus):

        # create i2c obect
        _bmp_addr = self._bmp_addr
        self._bmp_i2c = i2c_bus
        self._bmp_i2c.start()
        self.chip_id = self._bmp_i2c.readfrom_mem(_bmp_addr, 0xD0, 2)
        # read calibration data from EEPROM
        self._AC1 = unp('>h', self._bmp_i2c.readfrom_mem(_bmp_addr, 0xAA, 2))[0]
        self._AC2 = unp('>h', self._bmp_i2c.readfrom_mem(_bmp_addr, 0xAC, 2))[0]
        self._AC3 = unp('>h', self._bmp_i2c.readfrom_mem(_bmp_addr, 0xAE, 2))[0]
        self._AC4 = unp('>H', self._bmp_i2c.readfrom_mem(_bmp_addr, 0xB0, 2))[0]
        self._AC5 = unp('>H', self._bmp_i2c.readfrom_mem(_bmp_addr, 0xB2, 2))[0]
        self._AC6 = unp('>H', self._bmp_i2c.readfrom_mem(_bmp_addr, 0xB4, 2))[0]
        self._B1 = unp('>h', self._bmp_i2c.readfrom_mem(_bmp_addr, 0xB6, 2))[0]
        self._B2 = unp('>h', self._bmp_i2c.readfrom_mem(_bmp_addr, 0xB8, 2))[0]
        self._MB = unp('>h', self._bmp_i2c.readfrom_mem(_bmp_addr, 0xBA, 2))[0]
        self._MC = unp('>h', self._bmp_i2c.readfrom_mem(_bmp_addr, 0xBC, 2))[0]
        self._MD = unp('>h', self._bmp_i2c.readfrom_mem(_bmp_addr, 0xBE, 2))[0]

        # settings to be adjusted by user
        self.oversample_setting = 3
        self.baseline = 101325.0

        # output raw
        self.UT_raw = None
        self.B5_raw = None
        self.MSB_raw = None
        self.LSB_raw = None
        self.XLSB_raw = None
        self.gauge = self.makegauge() # Generator instance
        for _ in range(128):
            next(self.gauge)
            time.sleep_ms(1)

    def compvaldump(self):
        '''
        Returns a list of all compensation values
        '''
        return [self._AC1, self._AC2, self._AC3, self._AC4, self._AC5, self._AC6, 
                self._B1, self._B2, self._MB, self._MC, self._MD, self.oversample_setting]

    # gauge raw
    def makegauge(self):
        '''
        Generator refreshing the raw measurments.
        '''
        delays = (5, 8, 14, 25)
        while True:
            self._bmp_i2c.writeto_mem(self._bmp_addr, 0xF4, bytearray([0x2E]))
            t_start = time.ticks_ms()
            while (time.ticks_ms() - t_start) <= 5: # 5mS delay
                yield None
            try:
                self.UT_raw = self._bmp_i2c.readfrom_mem(self._bmp_addr, 0xF6, 2)
            except:
                yield None
            self._bmp_i2c.writeto_mem(self._bmp_addr, 0xF4, bytearray([0x34+(self.oversample_setting << 6)]))
            t_pressure_ready = delays[self.oversample_setting]
            t_start = time.ticks_ms()
            while (time.ticks_ms() - t_start) <= t_pressure_ready:
                yield None
            try:
                self.MSB_raw = self._bmp_i2c.readfrom_mem(self._bmp_addr, 0xF6, 1)
                self.LSB_raw = self._bmp_i2c.readfrom_mem(self._bmp_addr, 0xF7, 1)
                self.XLSB_raw = self._bmp_i2c.readfrom_mem(self._bmp_addr, 0xF8, 1)
            except:
                yield None
            yield True

    def blocking_read(self):
        if next(self.gauge) is not None: # Discard old data
            pass
        while next(self.gauge) is None:
            pass

    @property
    def oversample_sett(self):
        return self.oversample_setting

    @oversample_sett.setter
    def oversample_sett(self, value):
        if value in range(4):
            self.oversample_setting = value
        else:
            print('oversample_sett can only be 0, 1, 2 or 3, using 3 instead')
            self.oversample_setting = 3

    @property
    def temperature(self):
        '''
        Temperature in degree C.温度以C度为单位。
        '''
        next(self.gauge)
        try:
            UT = unp('>H', self.UT_raw)[0]
        except:
            return 0.0
        X1 = (UT-self._AC6)*self._AC5/2**15
        X2 = self._MC*2**11/(X1+self._MD)
        self.B5_raw = X1+X2
        return (((X1+X2)+8)/2**4)/10

    @property
    def pressure(self):
        '''
        Pressure in mbar.压力（以毫巴为单位）
        '''
        next(self.gauge)
        self.temperature  # Populate self.B5_raw
        try:
            MSB = unp('B', self.MSB_raw)[0]
            LSB = unp('B', self.LSB_raw)[0]
            XLSB = unp('B', self.XLSB_raw)[0]
        except:
            return 0.0
        UP = ((MSB << 16)+(LSB << 8)+XLSB) >> (8-self.oversample_setting)
        B6 = self.B5_raw-4000
        X1 = (self._B2*(B6**2/2**12))/2**11
        X2 = self._AC2*B6/2**11
        X3 = X1+X2
        B3 = ((int((self._AC1*4+X3)) << self.oversample_setting)+2)/4
        X1 = self._AC3*B6/2**13
        X2 = (self._B1*(B6**2/2**12))/2**16
        X3 = ((X1+X2)+2)/2**2
        B4 = abs(self._AC4)*(X3+32768)/2**15
        B7 = (abs(UP)-B3) * (50000 >> self.oversample_setting)
        if B7 < 0x80000000:
            pressure = (B7*2)/B4
        else:
            pressure = (B7/B4)*2
        X1 = (pressure/2**8)**2
        X1 = (X1*3038)/2**16
        X2 = (-7357*pressure)/2**16
        return pressure+(X1+X2+3791)/2**4

    @property
    def altitude(self):
        '''
        Altitude in m. 海拔高度（以米为单位）
        '''
        try:
            p = -7990.0*math.log(self.pressure/self.baseline)
        except:
            p = 0.0
        return p

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import time
    from machine import Pin,I2C
    
    #气压传感器
    bus = I2C(scl=Pin(18),sda=Pin(19), freq=100000)
    bmp180 = BMP180(bus)
    bmp180.oversample_sett = 2
    bmp180.baseline = 101325
    
    # BMP180温度,以C度为单位
    w = bmp180.temperature
    print('BMP180温度:',w)

    # BMP180压力（以毫巴为单位）
    pressures = bmp180.pressure
    print('BMP180压力:',pressures)

    # BMP180海拔高度（以米为单位）
    altitude  = -bmp180.altitude
    print('BMP180海拔高度:', altitude)

2.保存运行

运行结果如下（示例）：

>>> %Run -c $EDITOR_CONTENT
Warning: I2C(-1, ...) is deprecated, use SoftI2C(...) instead
BMP180温度: 21.595
BMP180压力: 101694.2
BMP180海拔高度: 29.05686

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总结

这个模块很小巧。注意不要连接错线了。海拨高度是通过气压推算出来的，气压又受到气象的影响，只能作为参考。