此博文为学习docker期间所做的笔记,供查阅复习使用。
学习docker是通过b站up主:遇见狂神说
学习链接:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1og4y1q7M4?p=11
docker常用命令
帮助命令
docker version # docker的版本信息
docker info # docker系统信息,包括镜像和容器数量
docker 命令 --help # 帮助命令
docker帮助地址:https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/
镜像命令
docker images 查看所有本地的主机上的镜像
[root@banmajio /]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest bf756fb1ae65 11 months ago 13.3kB
# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的id
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
# 可选项
-a, --all # 列出所有镜像
-q, --quiet # 只显示镜像的id
docker search 搜索镜像
[root@banmajio ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 10312 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB is a community-developed fork of MyS… 3822 [OK]
mysql/mysql-server Optimized MySQL Server Docker images. Create… 754 [OK]
# 可选项 通过收藏来过滤
-- filter==STARS=3000 # 搜索出来的镜像就是STARS大于3000的
docker pull 下载镜像
# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@banmajio ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果不屑tag, 默认就是latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
6ec7b7d162b2: Pull complete # 分层下载,docker image的核心 联合文件系统
fedd960d3481: Pull complete
7ab947313861: Pull complete
64f92f19e638: Pull complete
3e80b17bff96: Pull complete
014e976799f9: Pull complete
59ae84fee1b3: Pull complete
ffe10de703ea: Pull complete
657af6d90c83: Pull complete
98bfb480322c: Pull complete
6aa3859c4789: Pull complete
1ed875d851ef: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:78800e6d3f1b230e35275145e657b82c3fb02a27b2d8e76aac2f5e90c1c30873 # 签名
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址
# 等价命令
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
# 下载指定版本
[root@banmajio ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
6ec7b7d162b2: Already exists
fedd960d3481: Already exists
7ab947313861: Already exists
64f92f19e638: Already exists
3e80b17bff96: Already exists
014e976799f9: Already exists
59ae84fee1b3: Already exists
7d1da2a18e2e: Pull complete
301a28b700b9: Pull complete
529dc8dbeaf3: Pull complete
bc9d021dc13f: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:c3a567d3e3ad8b05dfce401ed08f0f6bf3f3b64cc17694979d5f2e5d78e10173
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
docker rmi 删除镜像
[root@banmajio ~]# docker rmi -f 容器id # 删除指定的容器
[root@banmajio ~]# docker rmi -f 容器id 容器id # 删除指定的多个 容器
[root@banmajio ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部的容器
容器命令
说明: 有了镜像才可以创建容器,下载一个centos镜像来测试学习
docker pull centos
新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="NAME" 容器名字 用来区分容器
-d 后台方式运行
-it 使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口 (主机端口映射容器端口)
-p 主机端口:容器端口 (常用)
-p 容器端口
-P 指定随机端口
# 启动并进入容器 (/bin/bash 控制台)
[root@banmajio ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@480014f42cc4 /]# ls # 查看容器内decentos 基础版本,很多命令是不完善的!
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# 从容器退回到主机
[root@480014f42cc4 /]# exit
exit
列出所有的运行的容器
# docker ps 命令
# 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行过的容器
-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器
-q # 只显示容器的编号
[root@banmajio /]# docker ps # 列出正在运行的容器
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@banmajio /]# docker ps -a # 列出
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
480014f42cc4 centos "/bin/bash" 9 minutes ago Exited (0) 7 minutes ago youthful_lamport
6264cc560613 bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 2 days ago Exited (0) 2 days ago relaxed_wilbur
9313993ed93e bf756fb1ae65 "/hello" 2 days ago Exited (0) 2 days ago adoring_joliot
退出容器
exit # 直接停止容器并退出
Ctrl + P + Q #容器不停止退出
docker attach 527ed60e6909 # 进入运行的容器中(生产环境不适用)
删除容器
docker rm 容器id # 删除指定容器 不能删除正在运行的容器,如果摇强制删除rm -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有容器
启动和停止容器的操作
docker start 容器id # 启动容器
docker restart 容器id # 重启容器
docker stop 容器id # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器 # 强制停止当前容器
常用其他命令
后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@banmajio ~]# docker run -d centos
# 问题docker ps 发现centos停止了
# 常见的坑: docker 容器使用后台运行,就必须要有一个前台进程,docker发现没有应用就会停止
查看日志
docker logs -f -t --tail 条数 容器id
# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@banmajio ~]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo banmajio;sleep 1;done"
[root@banmajio ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4a66fd07ac08 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds blissful_taussig
# 显示日志
-tf # 显示日志 t是时间戳 f是format
--tail number # 要显示日志的条数
[root@banmajio ~]# docker logs -f -t --tail 10 4a66fd07ac08
查看容器中的进程信息
# 命令 docker top 容器id
[root@banmajio ~]# docker top ce4fb8e672d9
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME
root 2195 2176 0 21:42 ? 00:00:00
查看镜像源数据
# 命令
docker inspect 容器id
# 测试
[root@banmajio ~]# docker inspect 4a66fd07ac08
[
{
"Id": "4a66fd07ac08afcf204e11a3b33538918f11d20b5276caca907d4e9db53c1bd5",
"Created": "2020-12-27T13:30:43.876900992Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo banmajio;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "exited",
"Running": false,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 0,
"ExitCode": 137,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-12-27T13:30:44.218766184Z",
"FinishedAt": "2020-12-27T13:35:49.01556222Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:300e315adb2f96afe5f0b2780b87f28ae95231fe3bdd1e16b9ba606307728f55",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4a66fd07ac08afcf204e11a3b33538918f11d20b5276caca907d4e9db53c1bd5/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4a66fd07ac08afcf204e11a3b33538918f11d20b5276caca907d4e9db53c1bd5/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4a66fd07ac08afcf204e11a3b33538918f11d20b5276caca907d4e9db53c1bd5/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/4a66fd07ac08afcf204e11a3b33538918f11d20b5276caca907d4e9db53c1bd5/4a66fd07ac08afcf204e11a3b33538918f11d20b5276caca907d4e9db53c1bd5-json.log",
"Name": "/blissful_taussig",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/64a528b5f8d8ffdde26b897e2e173275a1bc926d158d8f913d93afcdec386ef1-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4255cf21711b71698d5b8761a4f393c271e3c3d63d5a9a2dcabf55b21da3a871/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/64a528b5f8d8ffdde26b897e2e173275a1bc926d158d8f913d93afcdec386ef1/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/64a528b5f8d8ffdde26b897e2e173275a1bc926d158d8f913d93afcdec386ef1/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/64a528b5f8d8ffdde26b897e2e173275a1bc926d158d8f913d93afcdec386ef1/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "4a66fd07ac08",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo banmajio;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20201204",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "af3352599d5f4a22baac15d88d2f297f8a2d68468f5d7e6606aabc39d7936f56",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/af3352599d5f",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "",
"Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "",
"IPPrefixLen": 0,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "21e5615b9ffc90f762ac5fede60f08c589f385ae895d89ffa5ebcc598ca2e61a",
"EndpointID": "",
"Gateway": "",
"IPAddress": "",
"IPPrefixLen": 0,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
进入当前正在运行的容器
# 我们通常容器都是使用后台方式运行的,如果需要进入容器修改一些配置
# 命令
docker exec -it 容器id bashShell
[root@banmajio ~]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
4a66fd07ac08 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 24 hours ago Up About a minute blissful_taussig
[root@banmajio ~]# docker exec -it 4a66fd07ac08 /bin/bash
[root@4a66fd07ac08 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
# 方式二
docker attach 容器id
# docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作(常用)
# docker attach # 进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程!
从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
# 命令 docker cp 容器id:容器内的路径 目的的主机路径
[root@banmajio home]# docker cp 3f56100a88c3:/home/banmajio.java /home
[root@banmajio home]# ls
banmajio.java git minio test www
# 拷贝是一个手动过程,未来我们使用 -V 卷的技术,可以实现自动同步。
小结
docker 命令是十分多的,上面学习的那些哦都是最常用的容器和镜像的命令。
作业练习
作业一:Docker 安装Nginx
# 搜索镜像 建议dockerhub搜索
[root@banmajio home]# docker search nginx
# 安装镜像
[root@banmajio home]# docker pull nginx
# 启动镜像
[root@banmajio home]# docker run -d --name nginx01 -p 3344:80 nginx
# 以后台启动一个nginx镜像(-d:后台启动),设置别名为“nginx01” 指定主机端口3344映射到nginx镜像的80端口
# 运行测试
[root@banmajio home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ea2aefddbcd2 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" About a minute ago Up About a minute 0.0.0.0:3344->80/tcp nginx01
[root@banmajio home]# curl localhost:3344
# 进入容器
[root@banmajio home]# docker exec -it nginx01 /bin/bash
root@ea2aefddbcd2:/# whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx
root@ea2aefddbcd2:/# cd /etc/nginx
root@ea2aefddbcd2:/etc/nginx# ls
conf.d fastcgi_params koi-utf koi-win mime.types modules nginx.conf scgi_params uwsgi_params win-utf
端口暴露的概念:
作业二:使用docker 来装一个tomcat
# 官方的使用
docker run -it --rm tomcat:9.0
# 我们之前的启动都是后台,停止了容器之后,容器还是可以查到。 docker run -it --rm一般是用来测试,用完就删除
# 启动镜像
[root@banmajio home]# docker run -d -p 3355:8080 --name tomcat01 tomcat
# 测试访问没有问题
# 进入容器
[root@banmajio home]# docker exec -it tomcat01 /bin/bash
# 发现问题:1、linux命令缺少。2、没有webapps。阿里云镜像的原因,默认是最小的镜像,把所有不必要的都剔除掉。
# 保证最小可运行环境
# 将webapps.dist内的内容拷贝到webapps目录下
root@98c5e1bc26e8:/usr/local/tomcat# cp webapps.dist/* webapps