finally子句

#Python中的finally子句需要和try子句一起使用，组成try/finally的语句形式，try/finally语句无论发生异常与否都将执行最后的代码。

#示例如下：

 1 #!/usr/bin/python3
 2 #-*-coding:UTF-8-*-
 3 #异常9.10_finally
 4 
 5 def use_finally(x,y):
 6     try:
 7         a=x/y
 8     finally:
 9         print('No matter what happened,I will show in front of you')
10 use_finally(2,0)

#执行结果如下：

1 D:\Pythonworkspace>python 异常9.10_finally.py
2 No matter what happened,I will show in front of you
3 Traceback (most recent call last):
4   File "异常9.10_finally.py", line 10, in <module>
5     use_finally(2,0)
6   File "异常9.10_finally.py", line 7, in use_finally
7     a=x/y
8 ZeroDivisionError: division by zero

#由执行结果看到，finally子句被执行了，无论try子句是否发生异常，finally都会被执行。

#这里有个疑问，虽然执行了finally子句，但最后还是抛出了异常，是否可以使用except截获异常呢？

#可以使用except截获异常。try、except、else和finally可以组合使用，但是要记得else在except之后，finally在else之后。示例如下：

 1 #!/usr/bin/python3
 2 #-*-coding:UTF-8-*-
 3 #异常9.10_finally
 4 
 5 def use_finally(x,y):
 6     try:
 7         a=x/y
 8     except ZeroDivisionError:
 9         print('Some bad thing happened:division by zero')
10     finally:
11         print('No matter what happened,I whill show in front of you')
12 
13 use_finally(2,0)

#执行结果如下：

1 D:\Pythonworkspace>python 异常9.10_finally.py
2 Some bad thing happened:division by zero
3 No matter what happened,I whill show in front of you

#由执行结果看到，先执行了except子句的输出语句，后面跟着执行了finally子句的输出语句。如果在添加else子句，当程序正常运行时会执行else子句，然后执行finally子句。在有finally的异常处理程序中，finally中的子句一定是最后执行的。finally子句在关闭文件或数据库连接时非常有用