【LeetCode 中等题 SQL】2-部门工资最高的员工

题目描述：Employee 表包含所有员工信息，每个员工有其对应的 Id, salary 和 department Id。

+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| Id | Name  | Salary | DepartmentId |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+
| 1  | Joe   | 70000  | 1            |
| 2  | Henry | 80000  | 2            |
| 3  | Sam   | 60000  | 2            |
| 4  | Max   | 90000  | 1            |
+----+-------+--------+--------------+

Department 表包含公司所有部门的信息。

+----+----------+
| Id | Name     |
+----+----------+
| 1  | IT       |
| 2  | Sales    |
+----+----------+

编写一个 SQL 查询，找出每个部门工资最高的员工。例如，根据上述给定的表格，Max 在 IT 部门有最高工资，Henry 在 Sales 部门有最高工资。

+------------+----------+--------+
| Department | Employee | Salary |
+------------+----------+--------+
| IT         | Max      | 90000  |
| Sales      | Henry    | 80000  |
+------------+----------+--------+

解法1。从两表中选需要的字段然后在where里定义筛选条件，条件就是两者的部门ID相等且表1的薪水是从&&&中选的，&&&指代的是一张中间表，存储的是表Employee中能和表Department ID匹配的薪水最大值。

select d1.Name as Department, e1.Name as Employee, e1.Salary from Department d1, Employee e1
where d1.Id = e1.DepartmentId and e1.Salary =
(select max(Salary) from Employee e2 where e2.DepartmentId = d1.Id)

解法2。思路和上面的一样，写法不一样，效率也更高

select d1.Name as Department, e1.Name as Employee, e1.Salary 
from Employee e1
join Department d1
on e1.DepartmentId = d1.Id
where (e1.DepartmentId, e1.Salary) in
(select DepartmentId, max(Salary) from Employee e2 group by DepartmentId)