Python 函数的参数传递*args和**kwargs

函数调用的参数传递方式

函数调用的参数传递方式分为两种：传值调用与传引用（传址）调用。

传值调用

x = 7
def double(x):
    x *= 2
    print("函数内部：x =",x)
    return x
double(x)
print("函数外部：x =", x)

函数内部： x = 14
函数外部： x = 7

传引用（传址）调用

l = [1,2,3]
print("函数外部：l =", l)
def append(l, a = 0):
    l.append(a)
    print("函数内部：l =", l)
append(l)
print("函数外部：l =", l)

函数外部：l = [1, 2, 3]
函数内部：l = [1, 2, 3, 0]
函数外部：l = [1, 2, 3, 0]

不固定长度参数

*args

def sum(*args):
    print(*args)
    print(args)
    sum = 0;
    for i in args:
        sum += i

    return sum

print(sum(1, 2, 3, 4))
'''
1 2 3 4
(1, 2, 3, 4)
10
'''

**kwargs

def f(**kwargs):
    print(f.__name__ + ":")
    print(kwargs)
    g(**kwargs)

def g(**kwargs):
    print(g.__name__ + ":")
    print(kwargs)
    
f(a=1, b=2, c=3, d=4)
'''
f:
{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4}
g:
{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4}
'''

def test_kwargs(**kwargs):
    if kwargs is not None:
        for key, value in kwargs.iteritems():
            print("{} = {}".format(key,value))
        # Or you can visit kwargs like a dict() object
        # for key in kwargs:
        #    print("{} = {}".format(key, kwargs[key]))
test_kwargs(name="python", value="5")