QTimer使用问题

1. 概述

在QT中使用定时器QTimer时，一不小心可能就会造成定时器失效的情况，这个问题的本质是QTimer实例运行在了一个没有启用事件循环的线程中，从而造成其失效

2. 使用场景

• 主线程中使用
• 子线程中使用

2.1 注意

定时器的创建与使用要在同一个线程中，这个问题的演示会在2.2.2 QThread小节中进行

2.2 主线程中使用

1. 首先创建一个QTimerInMainThread类，内容如下：

   #ifndef QTIMERRUNINTHREAD_H
   #define QTIMERRUNINTHREAD_H
   
   #include <QObject>
   #include <QTimer>
   
   class QTimerInMainThread : public QObject
   {
       Q_OBJECT
   public:
   
       QTimerInMainThread();
       ~QTimerInMainThread();
   
       QTimer m_timer;
       int m_count;
   public slots:
       void timeoutHandle();
   
   };
   
   #endif // QTIMERRUNINTHREAD_H
   

2. 实现QTimerInMainThread类

   #include "QTimerRunInThread.h"
   #include <QThread>
   #include <QDebug>
   
   QTimerInMainThread::QTimerInMainThread()
       : m_count(0)
   {
   
       QObject::connect(&m_timer,&QTimer::timeout,this,&QTimerInMainThread::timeoutHandle);
       m_timer.start(100);
   }
   
   QTimerInMainThread::~QTimerInMainThread()
   {
       m_timer.stop();
   }
   
   void QTimerInMainThread::timeoutHandle()
   {
       qDebug() << "current thread id: " <<  QThread::currentThreadId() << "m_count: " << m_count++;
   }
   
   

3. main.cpp

#include <QCoreApplication>
#include "QTimerObjectInQThread.h"
#include <QDebug>
#include <QThread>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);
    qDebug() << "main thread id: " <<  QThread::currentThreadId() ;
    /*
     * 第一种方式：定时器运行在主线程中
     *  直接主线程中启动一个定时器
    */
    static QTimerInMainThread mainThreadTimer;
    return a.exec();
}

2.3 子线程中使用

在QT中线程的使用通常分为两种，接下来就以这两种进行举例。

2.3.1 moveToThread

1. 创建QTimerMoveToChildrenThread类

   #ifndef QTIMERMOVETOCHILDRENTHREAD_H
   #define QTIMERMOVETOCHILDRENTHREAD_H
   
   #include <QObject>
   #include <QTimer>
   #include <QThread>
   
   class QTimerMoveToChildrenThread: public QObject
   {
       Q_OBJECT
   public:
       QTimerMoveToChildrenThread();
       ~QTimerMoveToChildrenThread();
   
       void start();
       void stop();
   
       QTimer m_timer;
       QThread m_timerThread;
       int m_count;
   
   signals:
       void startSignal(int msec);
       void stopSignal();
   
   public slots:
       void timeoutHandle();
   };
   
   #endif // QTIMERMOVETOCHILDRENTHREAD_H
   
   

2. 实现QTimerMoveToChildrenThread类

   #include "QTimerMoveToChildrenThread.h"
   #include <QDebug>
   
   QTimerMoveToChildrenThread::QTimerMoveToChildrenThread()
       : m_count(0)
   {
       // 更改定时器运行的线程
       m_timer.moveToThread(&m_timerThread);
   
   
       // 定时器触发事件
       connect(&m_timer,&QTimer::timeout,this,&QTimerMoveToChildrenThread::timeoutHandle);
   
       // 连接定时器启动槽函数
       QObject::connect(this,static_cast<void (QTimerMoveToChildrenThread::*)(int)>(&QTimerMoveToChildrenThread::startSignal),
                        &m_timer,static_cast<void (QTimer::*)(int)>(&QTimer::start));
       // 连接定时器关闭槽函数
       QObject::connect(this,&QTimerMoveToChildrenThread::stopSignal,&m_timer,&QTimer::stop);
   
       m_timerThread.start();
   }
   
   QTimerMoveToChildrenThread::~QTimerMoveToChildrenThread()
   {
       stop();
       m_timerThread.quit();
   }
   
   void QTimerMoveToChildrenThread::start()
   {
       //向子线程内的定时器发送开启定时器信号
       emit startSignal(100);
   }
   
   void QTimerMoveToChildrenThread::stop()
   {
       //向子线程内的定时器发送停止定时器信号
       emit stopSignal();
   }
   
   void QTimerMoveToChildrenThread::timeoutHandle()
   {
       // 这个在主线程中执行
       qDebug() << "current thread id: " <<  QThread::currentThreadId() << "m_count: " << m_count++;
   }
   

3. main.cpp

   #include <QCoreApplication>
   #include "QTimerMoveToChildrenThread.h"
   #include <QDebug>
   #include <QThread>
   
   int main(int argc, char *argv[])
   {
       QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);
       qDebug() << "main thread id: " <<  QThread::currentThreadId() ;
       /*
        * 第二种方式：定时器运行在子线程中
        *  将定时器移动到子线程中，外部发送启动信号启动子线程中的定时器
       */
       static QTimerMoveToChildrenThread moveToChildrenThreadTimer;
       moveToChildrenThreadTimer.start();
       return a.exec();
   }
   

2.3.2 QThread

1. 创建QTimerObjectInQThread类

#ifndef QTIMEROBJECTINQTHREAD_H
#define QTIMEROBJECTINQTHREAD_H

#include <QObject>
#include <QThread>
#include <QTimer>

class QTimerObjectInQThread : public QThread
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    QTimerObjectInQThread();
    ~QTimerObjectInQThread();

    QTimer* m_ptimer;
    int m_count;

public slots:
    void timeoutHandle();

protected:
    virtual void run() override;
};

#endif // QTIMEROBJECTINQTHREAD_H

2. 实现QTimerObjectInQThread类

#include "QTimerObjectInQThread.h"
#include <QDebug>

QTimerObjectInQThread::QTimerObjectInQThread()
    : m_count(0)
{

}

QTimerObjectInQThread::~QTimerObjectInQThread()
{
    if(m_ptimer)
    {
        m_ptimer->stop();
        delete m_ptimer;
    }
}

void QTimerObjectInQThread::timeoutHandle()
{
    qDebug() << "current thread id: " <<  QThread::currentThreadId() << "m_count: " << m_count++;
}

void QTimerObjectInQThread::run()
{
    m_ptimer = new QTimer;
    connect(m_ptimer,&QTimer::timeout,this,&QTimerObjectInQThread::timeoutHandle);
    m_ptimer->start(100);
    // 启动事件循环，否则定时器无法生效
    exec();
}

3. main.cpp

#include <QCoreApplication>
#include "QTimerRunInThread.h"
#include "QTimerMoveToChildrenThread.h"
#include "QTimerObjectInQThread.h"
#include <QDebug>
#include <QThread>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);
    qDebug() << "main thread id: " <<  QThread::currentThreadId() ;
    /*
     * 第二种方式：定时器运行在子线程中
     *  在线程的run()中启动定时器
    */
    QTimerObjectInQThread timerObjectInThread;
    timerObjectInThread.start();
    return a.exec();
}

2.3.2.1 定时器不能在另一个线程启动问题演示

1. 将QTimer* m_ptimer;修改为QTimer m_ptimer;
2. QTimerObjectInQThread类的实现修改如下

   #include "QTimerObjectInQThread.h"
   #include <QDebug>
   
   QTimerObjectInQThread::QTimerObjectInQThread()
       : m_count(0)
   {
   
   }
   
   QTimerObjectInQThread::~QTimerObjectInQThread()
   {
   //    if(m_ptimer)
   //    {
   //        m_ptimer->stop();
   //        delete m_ptimer;
   //    }
   }
   
   void QTimerObjectInQThread::timeoutHandle()
   {
       qDebug() << "current thread id: " <<  QThread::currentThreadId() << "m_count: " << m_count++;
   }
   
   void QTimerObjectInQThread::run()
   {
       //m_ptimer = new QTimer;
       connect(&m_ptimer,&QTimer::timeout,this,&QTimerObjectInQThread::timeoutHandle);
       m_ptimer.start(100);
       // 启动事件循环，否则定时器无法生效
       exec();
   }
   
   

3. 运行项目会输出以下内容
   QObject::startTimer: Timers cannot be started from another thread