一、集成方式
1在pom里加入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.30</version>
</dependency>
2在resources文件夹下加入log4j.properties文件
# +======================================================================+#
log4j.rootLogger=${log4j.log.level},${log4j.log.target}
log4j.addivity.org.apache=true
# +======================================================================+#
# | [target] - Console
# +----------------------------------------------------------------------+#
log4j.appender.CONSOLE=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.Threshold=${log4j.log.level}
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.Encoding=${log4j.log.encoding}
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout=${log4j.log.layout}
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout.ConversionPattern=${log4j.log.layout.pattern}
# +----------------------------------------------------------------------+#
#若想某个类的打印级别和别的文件不一样,则自己定义appender,比如A1
log4j.logger.org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager=DEBUG,A1
log4j.appender.A1=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.A1.Threshold=DEBUG
log4j.appender.A1.Encoding=${log4j.log.encoding}
log4j.appender.A1.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.A1.layout=${log4j.log.layout}
log4j.appender.A1.layout.ConversionPattern=${log4j.log.layout.pattern}
#日志输出的地址: 可以任意配置, logs/存储在当前项目中 e:/logs
log4j.log.dir=logs/
#日志的等级:
#log4j.log.level=ALL,TRACE,DEBUG,INFO,WARN,ERROR,FATAL,OFF
log4j.log.level=OFF
#log4j.log.target=CONSOLE,FILE,DATABASE,EMAIL,SOCKET
log4j.log.target=CONSOLE
log4j.log.encoding=UTF-8
log4j.log.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.log.layout.pattern=[%d %r] [%-5p] [%t] [%l] [%m]%n
spring使用spring-jcl模块集成日志,LogFactory为spring-jcl提供的类,
logFactory在被加载时,通过load不同的类看是否能加载到来判断使用哪种日志,类似于spring的自动配置;
static {
logApi = LogFactory.LogApi.JUL;
ClassLoader cl = LogFactory.class.getClassLoader();
try {
cl.loadClass("org.apache.logging.log4j.spi.ExtendedLogger");
logApi = LogFactory.LogApi.LOG4J;
} catch (ClassNotFoundException var6) {
try {
cl.loadClass("org.slf4j.spi.LocationAwareLogger");
logApi = LogFactory.LogApi.SLF4J_LAL;
} catch (ClassNotFoundException var5) {
try {
cl.loadClass("org.slf4j.Logger");
logApi = LogFactory.LogApi.SLF4J;
} catch (ClassNotFoundException var4) {
}
}
}
public static Log getLog(Class<?> clazz) {
return getLog(clazz.getName());
}
/**
* Convenience method to return a named logger.
* @param name logical name of the <code>Log</code> instance to be returned
*/
public static Log getLog(String name) {
switch (logApi) {
case LOG4J:
return Log4jDelegate.createLog(name);
case SLF4J_LAL:
return Slf4jDelegate.createLocationAwareLog(name);
case SLF4J:
return Slf4jDelegate.createLog(name);
default:
// Defensively use lazy-initializing delegate class here as well since the
// java.logging module is not present by default on JDK 9. We are requiring
// its presence if neither Log4j nor SLF4J is available; however, in the
// case of Log4j or SLF4J, we are trying to prevent early initialization
// of the JavaUtilLog adapter - e.g. by a JVM in debug mode - when eagerly
// trying to parse the bytecode for all the cases of this switch clause.
return JavaUtilDelegate.createLog(name);
}
}
二、log4j原理
日志组件有Java的logging,log4j,log4j2,logback
用于实现日志统一规范的框架为apache的commons-logging、slf4j
1.Java的logging:为jdk提供的日志组件,和log4j功能差不多,不需要第三方jar包,也提供了很多种appender,如console,file等;默认读取的配置文件为jdk(以jdk11为例)安装路劲config/logging.properties,
使用方式:
import java.util.logging.Logger;
public class JdkLog {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(JdkLog.class.getName());
logger.info("lgoinion");
}
}
其中的Logger是:java.util.logging.Logger
2.log4j为appach提供的日志组件,默认从classpath下加载log4j.properties;
log4j.appender.console = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.rootLogger = debug, console
log4j.appender.console.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.console.layout.ConversionPattern = [%d %r] [%-5p] [%t] [%l] [%m]%n
使用方式:
引入jar包:
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
public class Log4jLog {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Log4jLog.class.getName());
logger.info("我是log4j");
}
}
其中的Logger是:org.apache.log4j.Logger
3.log4j2:为log4j的升级版,log4j2与log4j1发生了很大的变化,不兼容。log4j1仅仅作为一个实际的日志框架,slf4j、commons-logging作为门面,统一各种日志框架的混乱格局,现在log4j2也想跳出来充当门面了,也想统一大家了
log4j分为两个模块:
- log4j-api:作为日志接口层,用于统一底层日志系统
- log4j-core:作为上述日志接口的实现,是一个实际的日志框架
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
使用方法:
第一步:编写log4j2.xml配置文件(目前log4j2只支持xml json yuml,不再支持properties文件)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Configuration status="WARN">
<Appenders>
<Console name="Console" target="SYSTEM_OUT">
<PatternLayout pattern="%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n"/>
</Console>
</Appenders>
<Loggers>
<Root level="debug">
<AppenderRef ref="Console"/>
</Root>
</Loggers>
</Configuration>
import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
public class Log4j2Log {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(Log4j2Log.class.getName());
logger.debug("我是log4j2");
}
}
此时的logger是log4j2的接口
4.logback
logback为log4j出的另一款日志框架,天然支持slf4j,
使用方式:
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
<version>1.1.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.1.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.7.12</version>
</dependency>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
<appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder>
<pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<root level="DEBUG">
<appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
</root>
</configuration>
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
public class Logback {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Logback.class.getName());
logger.info("我是logback");
}
}
这里的logger和loggerFactory为slf4j提供的,
slf4j与底层的日志系统进行绑定,LoggerFactory在jar包中寻找org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class 这个类,如在logback-classic中就含有这个类,如果找到多个StaticLoggerBinder,则表明目前底层有多个实际的日志框架,slf4j会随机选择一个。