spring集成log4j

一、集成方式
1在pom里加入依赖

<dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
      <version>1.7.30</version>
    </dependency>

2在resources文件夹下加入log4j.properties文件

# +======================================================================+#
log4j.rootLogger=${log4j.log.level},${log4j.log.target}
log4j.addivity.org.apache=true
# +======================================================================+#
# | [target] - Console
# +----------------------------------------------------------------------+#
log4j.appender.CONSOLE=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.Threshold=${log4j.log.level}
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.Encoding=${log4j.log.encoding}
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout=${log4j.log.layout}
log4j.appender.CONSOLE.layout.ConversionPattern=${log4j.log.layout.pattern}


# +----------------------------------------------------------------------+#
#若想某个类的打印级别和别的文件不一样，则自己定义appender，比如A1
log4j.logger.org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager=DEBUG,A1
log4j.appender.A1=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.A1.Threshold=DEBUG
log4j.appender.A1.Encoding=${log4j.log.encoding}
log4j.appender.A1.Target=System.out
log4j.appender.A1.layout=${log4j.log.layout}
log4j.appender.A1.layout.ConversionPattern=${log4j.log.layout.pattern}


#日志输出的地址： 可以任意配置， logs/存储在当前项目中   e:/logs
log4j.log.dir=logs/ 
#日志的等级：
#log4j.log.level=ALL,TRACE,DEBUG,INFO,WARN,ERROR,FATAL,OFF
log4j.log.level=OFF
#log4j.log.target=CONSOLE,FILE,DATABASE,EMAIL,SOCKET
log4j.log.target=CONSOLE
log4j.log.encoding=UTF-8
log4j.log.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.log.layout.pattern=[%d %r] [%-5p] [%t] [%l] [%m]%n

spring使用spring-jcl模块集成日志，LogFactory为spring-jcl提供的类，

logFactory在被加载时，通过load不同的类看是否能加载到来判断使用哪种日志，类似于spring的自动配置；

static {
        logApi = LogFactory.LogApi.JUL;
        ClassLoader cl = LogFactory.class.getClassLoader();

        try {
            cl.loadClass("org.apache.logging.log4j.spi.ExtendedLogger");
            logApi = LogFactory.LogApi.LOG4J;
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException var6) {
            try {
                cl.loadClass("org.slf4j.spi.LocationAwareLogger");
                logApi = LogFactory.LogApi.SLF4J_LAL;
            } catch (ClassNotFoundException var5) {
                try {
                    cl.loadClass("org.slf4j.Logger");
                    logApi = LogFactory.LogApi.SLF4J;
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException var4) {
                }
            }
        }

public static Log getLog(Class<?> clazz) {
		return getLog(clazz.getName());
	}

	/**
	 * Convenience method to return a named logger.
	 * @param name logical name of the <code>Log</code> instance to be returned
	 */
	public static Log getLog(String name) {
		switch (logApi) {
			case LOG4J:
				return Log4jDelegate.createLog(name);
			case SLF4J_LAL:
				return Slf4jDelegate.createLocationAwareLog(name);
			case SLF4J:
				return Slf4jDelegate.createLog(name);
			default:
				// Defensively use lazy-initializing delegate class here as well since the
				// java.logging module is not present by default on JDK 9. We are requiring
				// its presence if neither Log4j nor SLF4J is available; however, in the
				// case of Log4j or SLF4J, we are trying to prevent early initialization
				// of the JavaUtilLog adapter - e.g. by a JVM in debug mode - when eagerly
				// trying to parse the bytecode for all the cases of this switch clause.
				return JavaUtilDelegate.createLog(name);
		}
	}

二、log4j原理
日志组件有Java的logging，log4j，log4j2,logback
用于实现日志统一规范的框架为apache的commons-logging、slf4j

1.Java的logging：为jdk提供的日志组件，和log4j功能差不多，不需要第三方jar包，也提供了很多种appender，如console，file等；默认读取的配置文件为jdk(以jdk11为例)安装路劲config/logging.properties，
使用方式：

import java.util.logging.Logger;

public class JdkLog {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(JdkLog.class.getName());
        logger.info("lgoinion");
    }
}

其中的Logger是：java.util.logging.Logger
2.log4j为appach提供的日志组件，默认从classpath下加载log4j.properties;

log4j.appender.console = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.rootLogger = debug, console
log4j.appender.console.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.console.layout.ConversionPattern = [%d %r] [%-5p] [%t] [%l] [%m]%n

使用方式：
引入jar包：

<dependency>
      <groupId>log4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.17</version>
    </dependency>

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;

public class Log4jLog {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(Log4jLog.class.getName());
        logger.info("我是log4j");
    }
}

其中的Logger是：org.apache.log4j.Logger

3.log4j2：为log4j的升级版，log4j2与log4j1发生了很大的变化，不兼容。log4j1仅仅作为一个实际的日志框架，slf4j、commons-logging作为门面，统一各种日志框架的混乱格局，现在log4j2也想跳出来充当门面了，也想统一大家了
log4j分为两个模块：

• log4j-api：作为日志接口层，用于统一底层日志系统
• log4j-core：作为上述日志接口的实现，是一个实际的日志框架

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
	<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
	<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>

使用方法：
第一步：编写log4j2.xml配置文件（目前log4j2只支持xml json yuml，不再支持properties文件）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Configuration status="WARN">
  <Appenders>
    <Console name="Console" target="SYSTEM_OUT">
      <PatternLayout pattern="%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%t] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n"/>
    </Console>
  </Appenders>
  <Loggers>
    <Root level="debug">
      <AppenderRef ref="Console"/>
    </Root>
  </Loggers>
</Configuration>

import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;

public class Log4j2Log {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(Log4j2Log.class.getName());
        logger.debug("我是log4j2");
    }
}

此时的logger是log4j2的接口

4.logback
logback为log4j出的另一款日志框架，天然支持slf4j，

使用方式：

<dependency> 
	<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> 
	<artifactId>logback-core</artifactId> 
	<version>1.1.3</version> 
</dependency> 
<dependency> 
    <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> 
    <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> 
    <version>1.1.3</version> 
</dependency>
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
	<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
	<version>1.7.12</version>
</dependency>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>

  <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
    <encoder>
      <pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
  </appender>

  <root level="DEBUG">          
    <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
  </root>  
  
</configuration>

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class Logback {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Logback.class.getName());
        logger.info("我是logback");
    }
}

这里的logger和loggerFactory为slf4j提供的，
slf4j与底层的日志系统进行绑定，LoggerFactory在jar包中寻找org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class 这个类，如在logback-classic中就含有这个类，如果找到多个StaticLoggerBinder，则表明目前底层有多个实际的日志框架，slf4j会随机选择一个。