springIOC注入的两种方式

最新推荐文章于 2020-07-25 15:43:14 发布

123就是928

最新推荐文章于 2020-07-25 15:43:14 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41217956/article/details/99541211

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spring编码风格

schemal-based-------xml

annotation-based-----annotation

java-based----java Configuration

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.lixiang</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-ioc</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

1、set方法注入

//spring.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="dao" class="com.lixiang.DaoImpl"></bean>


    <bean id="service" class="com.lixiang.SpringImpl">
        <property name="dao" ref="dao"/>
    </bean>

</beans>


/**
 * description
 *
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2019/8/14
 */
public class SpringImpl {
    private Dao dao;

    // spring的set方法注入

    public void setDao(Dao dao) {
        this.dao = dao;
    }

    public void test(){
        dao.test();
    }
}

/**
 * description
 *
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2019/8/14
 */
public interface Dao {
    void test();
}

/**
 * description
 *
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2019/8/14
 */
public class DaoImpl implements Dao {
    @Override
    public void test() {
        System.out.println("Dao");
    }
}

/**
 * description
 *
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2019/8/14
 */
public class TestDemo {
    @Test
    public void fun1(){
        ApplicationContext ca = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:spring.xml");
        SpringImpl springImpl = (SpringImpl) ca.getBean("service");
        springImpl.test();
    }
}

2、构造方法

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="dao" class="com.lixiang.DaoImpl"></bean>


    <bean id="service" class="com.lixiang.SpringImpl">
        <constructor-arg name="dao" ref="dao"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

/**
 * description
 *
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2019/8/14
 */
public class SpringImpl {
    private Dao dao;

    // 构造方法
    public SpringImpl(Dao dao){
        this.dao = dao;
    }

    public void test(){
        dao.test();
    }
}

/**
 * description
 *
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2019/8/14
 */
public class TestDemo {
    @Test
    public void fun1(){
        ApplicationContext ca = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:spring.xml");
        SpringImpl springImpl = (SpringImpl) ca.getBean("service");
        springImpl.test();
    }
}

以上,需要自己在spring.xml里描述类的依赖关系,spring可以开启自动依赖

可以在spring.xml文件里开启自动依赖,此时不需要在<bean>标签里写<property name="dao" ref="dao"/>和<constructor-arg name="dao" ref="dao"/>此时只需要注入<bean>即可,依赖关系恶意省略.自动注入方式有byType,byName,no和constructor

Table 2. Autowiring modes
Mode	Explanation
`no`	(Default) No autowiring. Bean references must be defined by `ref` elements. Changing the default setting is not recommended for larger deployments, because specifying collaborators explicitly gives greater control and clarity. To some extent, it documents the structure of a system.
`byName`	Autowiring by property name. Spring looks for a bean with the same name as the property that needs to be autowired. For example, if a bean definition is set to autowire by name and it contains a `master` property (that is, it has a `setMaster(..)` method), Spring looks for a bean definition named `master` and uses it to set the property.
`byType`	Lets a property be autowired if exactly one bean of the property type exists in the container. If more than one exists, a fatal exception is thrown, which indicates that you may not use `byType`autowiring for that bean. If there are no matching beans, nothing happens (the property is not set).
`constructor`	Analogous to `byType` but applies to constructor arguments. If there is not exactly one bean of the constructor argument type in the container, a fatal error is raised.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"
        default-autowire="byName">

    <bean id="dao" class="com.lixiang.DaoImpl"/>
    <bean id="dao1" class="com.lixiang.DaoImpl1"/>

    <bean id="service" class="com.lixiang.SpringImpl"/>

</beans>

基于注解注入

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"
        >
    <!--开启注解扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com"/>

</beans>

/**
 * description
 *
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2019/8/14
 */
@Component("service")
public class SpringImpl {
    @Autowired
    private Dao dao1;

    public void test(){
        dao1.test();
    }
}

/**
 * description
 *
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2019/8/14
 */
@Component("dao1")
public class DaoImpl1 implements Dao {
    @Override
    public void test() {
        System.out.println("Dao1");
    }
}


/**
 * description
 *
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2019/8/14
 */
public class TestDemo {
    @Test
    public void fun1(){
        ApplicationContext ca = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:spring.xml");
        SpringImpl springImpl = (SpringImpl) ca.getBean("service");
        springImpl.test();
    }
}

Java配置类注入

/**
 * description
 *
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2019/8/14
 */
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com")
public class SpringConfig {
}

/**
 * description
 *
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2019/8/14
 */
public class TestDemo {
    @Test
    public void fun1(){
        ApplicationContext ca = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
        SpringImpl springImpl = (SpringImpl) ca.getBean("service");
        springImpl.test();
    }
}

/**
 * description
 *
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2019/8/14
 */
@Component("service")
public class SpringImpl {
    @Autowired
    private Dao dao;

    public void test() {
        dao.test();
    }
}

/**
 * description
 *
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2019/8/14
 */
@Component
public class DaoImpl1 implements Dao {
    @Override
    public void test() {
        System.out.println("Dao1");
    }
}