string函数迭代器的使用

string函数迭代器的使用

迭代器的声明：

string str("abcdefg")；

//正向遍历str
std::string iterator it = str.begin();	//或end()
std::string const_iterator it = str.begin();	//或cend()，只读

//反向遍历str
std::string reverse_iterator r_it = str.rbegin();	//或rend()
std::string const_reverse_iterator cr_it = str.crbegin();	//或crend()，只读

在C++11中，支持auto语法，由编译器自动推测变量的类型，减少书写的麻烦

auto it = str.begin();

举例：

/*
>Plan:string的迭代器
>Author:ADiiana
>Time:2019/03/17
*/

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

int main(){

	string str("abcdefg");

	cout << "正向遍历: ";
	for (string::iterator it = str.begin(); it != str.end(); ++it){
		cout << *it;
	}
	cout << endl;

	//定义反向遍历迭代器
	cout << "反向遍历: ";
	for (string::reverse_iterator it = str.rbegin(); it != str.rend(); ++it)
		cout << *it;
	cout << endl;

	//定义非const可以用迭代器改变string的值。
	cout << "输出字符串大写，正向遍历: ";
	for (string::iterator it = str.begin(); it != str.end(); ++it){
		*it = *it - 'a' + 'A';
		cout << *it;
	}
	cout << endl;
	
	/*	//编译报错: 不能给常量赋值

	cout << "输出字符串大写，正向遍历: ";
	for (string::const_iterator it = str.begin(); it != str.end(); ++it){
		*it = *it - 'a' + 'A';
		cout << *it;
	}
	cout << endl;

	*/
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}