string对元素的访问函数

string对元素的访问函数

• string::operator[]有两种：

char& operator[] ( size_t pos )					//返回pos位置元素，非const类调用
const char& operator[] ( size_t pos ) const			//返回pos位置元素，const类调用

• string::at和operator[]的用法类似

char& at (size_t pos);							//返回pos位置元素，非const类调用
const char& at (size_t pos) const;					//返回pos位置元素，const类调用

• back（）返回字符串的最后一个字符的引用（C++11）

用法：
char& back();
const char& back() const;
描述：
Returns a reference to the last character of the string.
This function shall not be called on empty strings.

• front（）返回字符串的第一个字符的引用，不同于begin方法（C++11）

用法：
char& front();
const char& front() const;
描述：
Returns a reference to the first character of the string.
Unlike member string::begin, which returns an iterator to this same character, this function returns a direct reference.
This function shall not be called on empty strings.

代码：

/*
>Plan:string元素的访问
>Author:ADiiana
>Time:2019/03/17
*/

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

int main(){

	string str("test string");
	const string const_str("abcdef");

	cout << "========string::operator===========" << endl;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < str.length(); ++i)
	{
		str[i] = str[i] - 'a' + 'A';
		cout << str[i];
	}
	cout << endl;
	cout << "========string::at()===========" << endl;
	for (unsigned i = 0; i<str.length(); ++i)
	{
		std::cout << str.at(i);
	}
	cout << endl;

	//编译错误，不能给常量赋值
	/*for (size_t i = 0; i < const_str.length(); ++i)
	{
		const_str[i] = const_str[i] - 'a' + 'A';
		cout << const_str[i];
	}*/

	str.back() = '!';
	cout << str << endl;
	str.front() = 't';
	cout << str << endl;

 	system("pause");
	return 0;
}