1.ANSI C是C语言的标准，任何C语言的编译器都在ANSI C的基础上扩充。
5.C++不允许main()调用自己。C好像可以
5.
11.
12.
13.其实就是复制一下函数头，然后改一下函数名，并加个括号和星号。
2.真心没明白为什么要用到3个数组。。。
3.
4.
8.
b.
9.
10.
ANSI C几乎不能完成任何程序的开发。TC、VC等都对ANSI C进行了扩充，加入了自己的规则和库之类的。
对于函数头：
void fun();
而C++则是表示没有函数，要是想不指出参数表，应该用省略号
void fun(...);
2.C++标准使用参数（argument）来表示实参，使用参量（parameter）来表示形参
3.带const的二级指针和非const的一级指针混合使用的时候将不安全，先看个代码
-
const
int **pp2;
-
int * p1;
-
const
int n =
13;
-
pp2 = &p1;
//这里会报错，如果这里成功的话，
-
*pp2 = &n;
-
*p1 =
10;
//这里就修改了常量
error C2440: “=”: 无法从“int **”转换为“const int **”
所以：当且仅当只有一层间接关系的时候（如指针指向基本数据类型）时，才可以将非const的地址或者指针赋值给const指针。
4.指向常量的指针，是可以改变指针指向的地址。
-
int a =
1;
-
int b =
2;
-
const
int * p = &a;
-
p = &b;
//这个是合法的，当然不能通过p修改a和b的值。
-
int*
const p2 = &a;
-
p2 = &b;
//这个不合法，不能修改指针的内容
5.C++不允许main()调用自己。C好像可以
6.函数也有指针，函数的名字就是它的指针
-
int fun()
-
{
-
return
0;
-
}
-
-
void CChapter2Answer::answer()
-
{
-
cout << fun <<
endl;
-
}
这样输出的就是函数的指针。怪不得函数名不能跟变量名相同。
要指向函数的指针，要编写对应的函数原型的指针。
因为C++是强类型语言，所以把函数地址作为参数传递到别的函数中，是非常麻烦的。怪不得这么少见，而Lua这种弱类型语言则到处都是这种处理。
看了书上的介绍，函数指针真的挺繁琐，但是因为这本书是基础的，所以没有提到在哪里比较有用。
7.12复习题
1.定义函数，提供原型，调用函数，（居然不是声明、实现、调用）
2.
-
void igor();
-
float tofu(int i);
-
double mpg(double a , double b);
-
long summation(long a[], int num);
-
double doctor(const char* a);
-
void ofcourse(boss b);
-
char* plot(map* m);
-
void fun3(int a[], int size, int b)
-
{
-
for (
int i =
0; i < size; i++)
-
{
-
a[i] = b;
-
}
-
}
-
void fun4(int a[], int b[], int c)
-
{
-
for (
int* i = a; i != b; i++)
-
{
-
*i = c;
-
}
-
}
-
void CChapter2Answer::answer()
-
{
-
int a[
8] = {
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8 };
-
fun4(a, a +
8,
1);
-
}
5.
-
double fun5(const double a[], int b )
-
{
-
double md =
0;
-
for (
int i =
0; i < b; i++)
-
{
-
if (i ==
0)
-
{
-
md = a[i];
-
}
-
else
if (md < a[i])
-
{
-
md = a[i];
-
}
-
}
-
return md;
-
}
-
void CChapter2Answer::answer()
-
{
-
double a[
8] = {
1,
2,
3,
4,
5,
6,
7,
8 };
-
cout << fun5(a,
8 ) <<
endl;
-
}
7.char* a，char a[]，带”“的字符串常量
8.
-
double replace(char * str, char c1, char c2 )
-
{
-
int count =
0;
-
while (*str !=
0)
-
{
-
if (*str == c1)
-
{
-
*str = c2;
-
++count;
-
}
-
++str;
-
}
-
return count;
-
}
-
void CChapter2Answer::answer()
-
{
-
char str[
80] =
"fsajasdaaffafsaaereacsd";
//这里用char*,在函数里面赋值的时候就报错了。
-
replace(str,
'a',
'l');
-
}
用char[]的时候，自己保存了一份内存，可以修改。
9.字符串可以看做它本身的地址，也是第一个字符的地址。所以*”pizza”的值是p，”taco”[2]则是c
-
cout << *
"pizza" <<
endl;
-
cout <<
"taco"[
2] <<
endl;
p
c
10.值传递会构建一个副本，单其实这个副本是浅复制的，如果结构里面的属性是指针，也只是复制了地址。如果不允许修改，可能会被改了内容。
指针传递的话修改了肯定会改到的。所以对于函数，很少值传递一个结构的。复制也要花时间和空间啊。
-
struct STest
-
{
-
int a;
-
int b;
-
};
-
int funA( STest a )//值传递
-
{
-
return a.a + a.b;
-
}
-
int funB(STest* b)//地址传递
-
{
-
return b->a + b->a;
-
}
-
-
void CChapter2Answer::answer()
-
{
-
STest c;
-
funA(c);
-
funB(&c);
-
}
11.
-
int fun(const char* a)
-
{
-
return
1;
-
}
-
-
int (*funptr)(
const
char* a);
int judge(int (*funpter)(const char* a));
12.
-
struct applicant
-
{
-
char name[
30];
-
int credit_ratings[
3];
-
};
-
-
void printInfo(applicant a)
-
{
-
cout << a.name <<
endl;
-
for (
int i =
0; i <
3; ++i)
-
{
-
cout << a.credit_ratings[i] <<
endl;
-
}
-
}
-
-
void printInfoEx(applicant* a)
-
{
-
cout << a->name <<
endl;
-
for (
int i =
0; i <
3; ++i)
-
{
-
cout << a->credit_ratings[i] <<
endl;
-
}
-
}
-
-
void CChapter2Answer::answer()
-
{
-
applicant a = {
"Fable Game", {
1001,
2002,
3003 } };
-
printInfo(a);
-
printInfoEx(&a);
-
}
13.其实就是复制一下函数头，然后改一下函数名，并加个括号和星号。
-
struct applicant
-
{
-
char name[
30];
-
int credit_ratings[
3];
-
};
-
-
void f1(applicant * a);
-
const char * f2(const applicant * a1, const applicant * a2);
-
-
typedef void (*P1)(applicant * a);
-
typedef
const
char * (*P2)(
const applicant * a1,
const applicant * a2);
-
P1 p1;
-
P2 p2;
-
P1 ap[
5];
-
P2 pa[
10];
1.
-
double ave(double a, double b)
-
{
-
return
2 * a * b / (a + b);
-
}
-
void CChapter2Answer::answer()
-
{
-
-
double a =
0;
-
double b =
0;
-
cout <<
"Please enter digit a:";
-
cin >> a;
-
cout <<
"Please enter digit b:";
-
cin >> b;
-
while ( a !=
0 && b !=
0 )
-
{
-
double c = ave(a, b);
-
cout <<
"the ave of a, b: " << c <<
endl;
-
cout <<
"Please enter digit a:";
-
cin >> a;
-
cout <<
"Please enter digit b:";
-
cin >> b;
-
}
-
}
2.真心没明白为什么要用到3个数组。。。
-
void printArr(int a[], int b)
-
{
-
for (
int i =
0; i < b; ++i)
-
{
-
cout << a[i] <<
" ";
-
}
-
cout <<
endl;
-
}
-
-
double ave(int a[], int b)
-
{
-
double c =
0;
-
for (
int i =
0; i < b; ++i)
-
{
-
c += a[i];
-
}
-
return c/b;
-
}
-
void CChapter2Answer::answer()
-
{
-
const
int ARRSIZE =
10;
-
int a[ARRSIZE] = {
0 };
-
//输入
-
int actNum =
0;
-
for (
int i =
0; i < ARRSIZE; ++i)
-
{
-
cout <<
"Please enter the score:" ;
-
int c =
0;
-
cin >> c;
-
if (c <
0 || !
cin)
-
{
-
break;
-
}
-
a[i] = c;
-
++actNum;
-
}
-
if (actNum <=
0)
-
{
-
cout <<
"No data" <<
endl;
-
return;
-
}
-
//显示
-
int b[ARRSIZE];
-
memcpy(b, a,
sizeof(a));
//
-
printArr(b, actNum);
-
int c[ARRSIZE];
-
memcpy(c, a,
sizeof(a));
//
-
double d = ave(c, actNum);
-
cout <<
"ave: " << d <<
endl;
-
}
3.
-
struct box
-
{
-
char maker[
40];
-
float height;
-
float width;
-
float length;
-
float volume;
-
};
-
-
void printInfo(box b)
-
{
-
cout <<
"maker:" << b.maker <<
endl;
-
cout <<
"height:" << b.height <<
" width:" << b.width <<
" length:" << b.length <<
" volume:" << b.volume;
-
}
-
void computeVolume(box* b)
-
{
-
b->volume = b->height * b->length * b->width;
-
}
-
-
void CChapter2Answer::answer()
-
{
-
box b = {
"Fable Game",
1,
32,
445,
0 };
-
computeVolume(&b);
-
printInfo(b);
-
}
4.
-
long double probalility(unsigned numbers, unsigned picks, unsigned otherTotal)
-
{
-
long
double result =
1.0;
-
long
double n;
-
unsigned p;
-
for (n = numbers, p = picks; p >
0; n--, p--)
-
{
-
result = result * n / p;
-
}
-
return result * otherTotal;
-
}
-
void CChapter2Answer::answer()
-
{
-
unsigned total, choices, otherTotal;
-
cout <<
"Enter the total number of choice on the game card and\n"
-
"the number of picks allowed and the other total number of choice:\n";
-
while ((
cin >> total >> choices >> otherTotal) && choices <= total)
-
{
-
cout <<
"You have one chance in ";
-
cout << probalility(total, choices, otherTotal);
-
cout <<
" of winning.\n";
-
cout <<
"Next three numbers (q ot quit):";
-
}
-
cout <<
"bye\n";
-
-
}
5.
-
long long recursion(unsigned number )
-
{
-
if (number <=
1)
-
{
-
return
1;
-
}
-
else
-
{
-
return number * recursion(number -
1);
-
}
-
-
}
-
void CChapter2Answer::answer()
-
{
-
unsigned num;
-
while (
cin >> num )
-
{
-
cout << num <<
"! = " << recursion(num) <<
endl;
-
cout <<
"Next num (q ot quit):";
-
}
-
cout <<
"bye\n";
-
-
}
6.
-
int fillArray( double a[], int num)
-
{
-
cout <<
"Please enter a double:";
-
double b;
-
cin.clear();
-
cin >> b;
-
int count =
0;
-
while (
cin && count < num)
-
{
-
a[count] = b;
-
count++;
-
cout <<
"Please enter a double:";
-
cin >> b;
-
}
-
return count;
-
}
-
-
void showArray(double a[], int num)
-
{
-
cout <<
"show array:" <<
endl;
-
for (
int i =
0; i < num; i++)
-
{
-
cout << i <<
" : " << a[i] <<
endl;
-
}
-
}
-
-
void reverseArray(double a[], int num)
-
{
-
cout <<
"reverse array" <<
endl;
-
double temp;
-
for (
int i =
0; i < num -
1 - i; i++)
-
{
-
temp = a[i];
-
a[i] = a[num -
1 - i];
-
a[num
-1 - i] = temp;
-
}
-
}
-
-
void CChapter2Answer::answer()
-
{
-
const
int Size =
20;
-
double a[Size] = {
0};
-
int actNum = fillArray(a, Size);
//填充数组
-
showArray(a, actNum);
//显示数组
-
reverseArray(a, actNum);
//反转数组
-
showArray(a, actNum);
//显示数组
-
reverseArray(a +
1, actNum -
2);
//反转数组
-
showArray(a, actNum);
//显示数组
-
}
7.
改之前的代码：
-
const
int Max =
5;
-
int fill_array( double ar[], int limit)
-
{
-
double temp;
-
int i;
-
for (i =
0; i < limit; i++)
-
{
-
cout <<
"Enter value #" << (i +
1) <<
": ";
-
cin >> temp;
-
if (!
cin)
-
{
-
cin.clear();
-
while (
cin.get() !=
'\n')
continue;
-
cout <<
"Bad input; input process terminated. \n";
-
break;
-
}
-
else
if (temp <
0)
-
{
-
break;
-
}
-
ar[i] = temp;
-
}
-
return i;
-
}
-
-
void show_array(const double ar[], int n)
-
{
-
for (
int i =
0; i < n; i++)
-
{
-
cout <<
"Property #" << i +
1 <<
": $" << ar[i] <<
endl;
-
}
-
}
-
-
void revalue(double r, double ar[], int n)
-
{
-
for (
int i =
0; i < n; i++)
-
{
-
ar[i] *= r;
-
}
-
}
-
-
void CChapter2Answer::answer()
-
{
-
double properties[Max];
-
-
int size = fill_array(properties, Max);
-
show_array(properties, size);
-
if (size >
0)
-
{
-
cout <<
"Enter revaluation factor: ";
-
double factor;
-
while (!(
cin >> factor))
-
{
-
cin.clear();
-
while (
cin.get() !=
'\n')
-
{
-
continue;
-
}
-
cout <<
"Bad input; Please enter a number: ";
-
}
-
revalue(factor, properties, size);
-
show_array(properties, size);
-
}
-
cout <<
"Done. \n";
-
cin.get();
-
cin.get();
-
-
}
-
const
int Max =
5;
-
double* fill_array( double ar[], int limit)
-
{
-
double temp;
-
int i;
-
for (i =
0; i < limit; i++)
-
{
-
cout <<
"Enter value #" << (i +
1) <<
": ";
-
cin >> temp;
-
if (!
cin)
-
{
-
cin.clear();
-
while (
cin.get() !=
'\n')
continue;
-
cout <<
"Bad input; input process terminated. \n";
-
break;
-
}
-
else
if (temp <
0)
-
{
-
break;
-
}
-
ar[i] = temp;
-
}
-
return ar + i;
-
}
-
-
void show_array(const double* beginPtr, const double* endPtr)
-
{
-
for (
int i =
0; beginPtr + i != endPtr; i++)
-
{
-
cout <<
"Property #" << i +
1 <<
": $" << beginPtr[i] <<
endl;
-
}
-
}
-
-
void revalue(double r, double* beginPtr, double* endPtr)
-
{
-
for (
int i =
0; beginPtr + i != endPtr; i++)
-
{
-
beginPtr[i] *= r;
-
}
-
}
-
-
void CChapter2Answer::answer()
-
{
-
double properties[Max];
-
-
double* endPtr = fill_array(properties, Max);
-
show_array(properties, endPtr);
-
if (properties != endPtr)
-
{
-
cout <<
"Enter revaluation factor: ";
-
double factor;
-
while (!(
cin >> factor))
-
{
-
cin.clear();
-
while (
cin.get() !=
'\n')
-
{
-
continue;
-
}
-
cout <<
"Bad input; Please enter a number: ";
-
}
-
revalue(factor, properties, endPtr);
-
show_array(properties, endPtr);
-
}
-
cout <<
"Done. \n";
-
cin.get();
-
cin.get();
-
-
}
8.
修改之前的：
-
const
int Seasons =
4;
-
const
std::
array<
std::
string, Seasons> Snames = {
"Spring",
"Summer",
"Fall",
"Winter" };
-
-
void fill(std::array < double, Seasons> *pa);
-
void show(std::array<double, Seasons> da);
-
void CChapter2Answer::answer()
-
{
-
std::
array<
double, Seasons> expenses;
-
fill(&expenses);
-
show(expenses);
-
cin.get();
-
cin.get();
-
}
-
-
void fill(std::array< double, Seasons> *pa)
-
{
-
for (
int i =
0; i < Seasons; i++)
-
{
-
cout <<
"Enter " << Snames[i] <<
" expenses:";
-
cin >> (*pa)[i];
-
}
-
}
-
-
void show(std::array<double, Seasons> da)
-
{
-
double total =
0.0;
-
for (
int i =
0; i < Seasons; ++i)
-
{
-
cout << Snames[i] <<
": $"</span> << da[i] << <span class="hljs-built_in">endl</span>;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> total += da[i];</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> }</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cout</span> << <span class="hljs-string">"Total Expenses: $" << total <<
endl;
-
}
-
const
int Seasons =
4;
-
const
char* Snames[Seasons] = {
"Spring",
"Summer",
"Fall",
"Winter" };
-
-
void fill(double pa[], int num);
-
void show(double da[], int num);
-
void CChapter2Answer::answer()
-
{
-
double expenses[Seasons];
-
fill(expenses, Seasons);
-
show(expenses, Seasons);
-
cin.get();
-
cin.get();
-
}
-
-
void fill(double pa[], int num)
-
{
-
for (
int i =
0; i < num; i++)
-
{
-
cout <<
"Enter " << Snames[i] <<
" expenses:";
-
cin >> pa[i];
-
}
-
}
-
-
void show(double da[], int num)
-
{
-
double total =
0.0;
-
for (
int i =
0; i < num; ++i)
-
{
-
cout << Snames[i] <<
": $"</span> << da[i] << <span class="hljs-built_in">endl</span>;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="30"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> total += da[i];</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="31"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> }</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="32"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cout</span> << <span class="hljs-string">"Total Expenses: $" << total <<
endl;
-
}
b.
-
const
int Seasons =
4;
-
const
char* Snames[Seasons] = {
"Spring",
"Summer",
"Fall",
"Winter" };
-
struct Expenses
-
{
-
double e[Seasons];
-
};
-
void fill(Expenses* pa);
-
void show(Expenses* da);
-
void CChapter2Answer::answer()
-
{
-
Expenses e;
-
fill(&e);
-
show(&e);
-
cin.get();
-
cin.get();
-
}
-
-
void fill(Expenses* pa)
-
{
-
for (
int i =
0; i < Seasons; i++)
-
{
-
cout <<
"Enter " << Snames[i] <<
" expenses:";
-
cin >> pa->e[i];
-
}
-
}
-
-
void show(Expenses* da )
-
{
-
double total =
0.0;
-
for (
int i =
0; i < Seasons; ++i)
-
{
-
cout << Snames[i] <<
": $"</span> << da->e[i] << <span class="hljs-built_in">endl</span>;</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="33"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> total += da->e[i];</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="34"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> }</div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="35"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> <span class="hljs-built_in">cout</span> << <span class="hljs-string">"Total Expenses: $" << total <<
endl;
-
}
9.
-
#include <iostream>
-
-
using
namespace
std;
-
-
const
int SLEN =
30;
-
struct Student
-
{
-
char fullname[SLEN];
-
char hobby[SLEN];
-
int ooplevel;
-
};
-
-
int getinfo(Student pa[], int n)
-
{
-
int count =
0;
-
for (
int i =
0; i < n; ++i)
-
{
-
cout <<
"Please enter student name:";
-
cin.getline(pa[i].fullname,
80);
-
if (
strcmp(pa[i].fullname,
"") ==
0)
-
{
-
break;
-
}
-
cout <<
"Please enter student hobby:";
-
cin.getline(pa[i].hobby,
80);
-
cout <<
"Please enter student ooplevel:";
-
cin >> pa[i].ooplevel;
-
cin.get();
-
count++;
-
}
-
return count;
-
}
-
-
void display1(Student st)
-
{
-
cout <<
"student[ name: " << st.fullname <<
" hobby: " << st.hobby <<
" ooplevel: " << st.ooplevel <<
"]\n";
-
}
-
-
void display2(const Student* ps)
-
{
-
cout <<
"student[ name: " << ps->fullname <<
" hobby: " << ps->hobby <<
" ooplevel: " << ps->ooplevel <<
"]\n";
-
}
-
-
void display3(const Student pa[], int n)
-
{
-
for (
int i =
0; i < n; ++i)
-
{
-
display2(pa + i);
-
}
-
}
-
-
int main()
-
{
-
cout <<
"Enter class size: ";
-
int class_size;
-
cin >> class_size;
-
while (
cin.get() !=
'\n')
-
{
-
continue;
-
}
-
Student* ptr_stu =
new Student[class_size];
-
int entered = getinfo(ptr_stu, class_size);
-
for (
int i =
0; i < entered; i++)
-
{
-
display1(ptr_stu[i]);
-
display2(&ptr_stu[i]);
-
}
-
display3(ptr_stu, entered);
-
delete[] ptr_stu;
-
cout <<
"Done\n";
-
return
0;
-
}
10.
-
#include <iostream>
-
-
using
namespace
std;
-
double add(double a, double b)
-
{
-
cout << a + b <<
endl;
-
return a + b;
-
}
-
-
double sub(double a, double b)
-
{
-
cout << a - b <<
endl;
-
return a - b;
-
}
-
-
double mul(double a, double b)
-
{
-
cout << a * b <<
endl;
-
return a * b;
-
}
-
-
double div(double a, double b)
-
{
-
cout << a / b <<
endl;
-
return a / b;
-
}
-
-
double calculate(double a, double b, double(*fun)(double, double))
-
{
-
return fun(a, b);
-
}
-
-
int main()
-
{
-
double(*pf[
4])(
double,
double) = { add, sub, mul, div };
-
double a, b;
-
cout <<
"Please enter a:";
-
cin >> a;
-
cout <<
"Please enter b:";
-
cin >> b;
-
while (
cin && b !=
0)
-
{
-
for (
int i =
0; i <
4; ++i)
-
{
-
calculate(a, b, pf[i]);
-
}
-
cout <<
"Please enter a:";
-
cin >> a;
-
cout <<
"Please enter b:";
-
cin >> b;
-
}
-
return
0;
-
}
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