算法技巧-DFS、BFS

DFS

286. 墙与门

题解:

class Solution {

    private int[][] directions = new int[][] {
        {-1, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, -1}, {0, 1}
    };

    public void wallsAndGates(int[][] rooms) {
        final int m = rooms.length;
        final int n = rooms[0].length;

        for (int i = 0; i < m; i ++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; j ++) {
                if (Integer.MAX_VALUE == rooms[i][j]) {
                    bfs(rooms, i, j);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private void bfs(int[][] rooms, int x, int y) {

        final int m = rooms.length;
        final int n = rooms[0].length;
        Queue<int[]> queue = new LinkedList<>();
        boolean[][] visited = new boolean[m][n];
        int step = 0;
        queue.offer(new int[]{x, y});

        while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
            int size = queue.size();
            step ++;
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i ++) {
                int[] curNode = queue.poll();
                for (int d = 0; d < directions.length; d ++) {

                    int curX = curNode[0] + directions[d][0];
                    int curY = curNode[1] + directions[d][1];

                    if (curX < 0 || curX >= m || curY < 0 || curY >= n || visited[curX][curY] || (- 1 == rooms[curX][curY])) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    if (0 == rooms[curX][curY]) {
                        rooms[x][y] = step;
                        return ;
                    }

                    visited[curX][curY] = true;
                    queue.offer(new int[]{curX, curY});
                }
                
            }
        }
    }
} 
200. 岛屿数量

题解:

class Solution {

    private int[][] directions = new int[][]{
        {-1, 0}, {0, -1}, {1, 0}, {0, 1}
    };

    public int numIslands(char[][] grid) {
        final int m = grid.length;
        final int n = grid[0].length;
        int sum = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i ++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; j ++) {
                if ('1' == grid[i][j]) {
                    sum ++;
                    grid[i][j] = '0';
                    bfs(grid, i, j);
                }
            }
        }

        return sum;
    }

    private void bfs(char[][] grid, int x, int y) {

        final int m = grid.length;
        final int n = grid[0].length;
        boolean[][] visited = new boolean[m][n];
        Queue<int[]> queue = new LinkedList<>();
        queue.offer(new int[]{x, y});
        visited[x][y] = true;

        while (!queue.isEmpty()) {

            int size = queue.size();

            for (int i = 0; i < size; i ++) {
                int[] curNode = queue.poll();
                for (int d = 0; d < directions.length; d ++) {
                    int curX = curNode[0] + directions[d][0];
                    int curY = curNode[1] + directions[d][1];

                    if (curX < 0 || curX >= m || curY < 0 || curY >= n || visited[curX][curY] || '0' == grid[curX][curY]) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    visited[curX][curY] = true;
                    grid[curX][curY] = '0';
                    queue.offer(new int[]{curX, curY});
                }
            }
            
        }
    }
} 
279. 完全平方数

题解:

class Solution {
    public int numSquares(int n) {
       Queue<Integer> queue = new LinkedList<>();
       queue.offer(n);

       int step = 0;

       while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
           int size = queue.size();
           step ++; 
           for (int i = 0; i < size; i ++) {
               int curNode = queue.poll();
               
               for (int j = (int)Math.sqrt(curNode); j > 0; j --) {
                   int temp = curNode - j * j;
                   if (temp < 0) {
                       continue;
                   }
                   if (0 == temp) {
                       return step;
                   }
                   queue.offer(temp);
               }
           }
       } 

       return step;
    }
}
133. 克隆图

总结:用hashMap做映射
题解:

/*
// Definition for a Node.
class Node {
    public int val;
    public List<Node> neighbors;
    public Node() {
        val = 0;
        neighbors = new ArrayList<Node>();
    }
    public Node(int _val) {
        val = _val;
        neighbors = new ArrayList<Node>();
    }
    public Node(int _val, ArrayList<Node> _neighbors) {
        val = _val;
        neighbors = _neighbors;
    }
}
*/

class Solution {
    private HashMap <Node, Node> visited = new HashMap <> ();
    public Node cloneGraph(Node node) {
        if (node == null) {
            return node;
        }

        // 如果该节点已经被访问过了,则直接从哈希表中取出对应的克隆节点返回
        if (visited.containsKey(node)) {
            return visited.get(node);
        }

        // 克隆节点,注意到为了深拷贝我们不会克隆它的邻居的列表
        Node cloneNode = new Node(node.val, new ArrayList());
        // 哈希表存储
        visited.put(node, cloneNode);

        // 遍历该节点的邻居并更新克隆节点的邻居列表
        for (Node neighbor: node.neighbors) {
            cloneNode.neighbors.add(cloneGraph(neighbor));
        }
        return cloneNode;
    }
}
494. 目标和

题解:

class Solution {

    private int sum = 0;

    public int findTargetSumWays(int[] nums, int target) {
        int total = 0;
        dfs(nums, 0, target, total);
        return sum;
    }

    private void dfs(int[] nums, int index, int target, int total) {

        if (index > nums.length) {
            return;
        }

        if (nums.length == index) {
            if (total == target) {
                sum ++;
            }
            return;
        }

        dfs(nums, index + 1, target, total + nums[index]);
        dfs(nums, index + 1, target, total - nums[index]);
    }
}
232. 用栈实现队列

题解:

class MyQueue {

    private Stack<Integer> inStack;
    private Stack<Integer> outStack;
    private int size;

    public MyQueue() {
        inStack = new Stack<>();
        outStack = new Stack<>();
        size = 0;
    }
    
    public void push(int x) {
        inStack.push(x);
        size ++;
    }
    
    public int pop() {
        if (!outStack.isEmpty()) {
            size --;
            return outStack.pop();
        }
        while (!inStack.isEmpty()) {
            outStack.push(inStack.pop());
        }
        size --;
        return outStack.pop();
    }
    
    public int peek() {
        if (!outStack.isEmpty()) {
            return outStack.peek();
        }
        while (!inStack.isEmpty()) {
            outStack.push(inStack.pop());
        }
        return outStack.peek();
    }
    
    public boolean empty() {
        return 0 == size;
    }
}

/**
 * Your MyQueue object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MyQueue obj = new MyQueue();
 * obj.push(x);
 * int param_2 = obj.pop();
 * int param_3 = obj.peek();
 * boolean param_4 = obj.empty();
 */
225. 用队列实现栈

题解:

class MyStack {

    private Queue<Integer> data;
    private Queue<Integer> helper;
    private int size;

    public MyStack() {
        data = new LinkedList<>();
        size = 0;
    }
    
    public void push(int x) {
        size ++;
        data.offer(x);
    }
    
    public int pop() {
        helper = new LinkedList<>();
        while (data.size() > 1) {
            helper.offer(data.poll());
        }
        int temp = data.poll();
        size --;
        data = helper;
        helper = null;
        return temp;
    }
    
    public int top() {
        helper = new LinkedList<>();
        while (data.size() > 1) {
            helper.offer(data.poll());
        }
        int temp = data.poll();
        helper.offer(temp);
        data = helper;
        helper = null;
        return temp;
    }
    
    public boolean empty() {
        return 0 == size;
    }

}

/**
 * Your MyStack object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MyStack obj = new MyStack();
 * obj.push(x);
 * int param_2 = obj.pop();
 * int param_3 = obj.top();
 * boolean param_4 = obj.empty();
 */
542. 01 矩阵

题解:

// class Solution {

//     private int[][] directions = new int[][]{
//         {-1, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, 1}, {0, -1}
//     };

//     public int[][] updateMatrix(int[][] mat) {
//         final int m = mat.length;
//         final int n = mat[0].length;
//         int[][] ans = new int[m][n];
//         for (int i = 0; i < m; i ++) {
//             for (int j = 0; j < n; j ++) {
//                 if (1 == mat[i][j]) {
//                     int step = bfs(mat, i, j);
//                     ans[i][j] = step;
//                 }
//             }
//         }

//         return ans;
//     }

//     private int bfs(int[][] mat, int sr, int sc) {

//         final int m = mat.length;
//         final int n = mat[0].length;
//         int step = -1;
//         Queue<int[]> queue = new LinkedList<>();
//         boolean[][] visited = new boolean[m][n];
//         queue.offer(new int[]{sr, sc});
//         visited[sr][sc] = true;

//         while (!queue.isEmpty()) {

//             int size = queue.size();
//             step ++;
//             for (int i = 0; i < size; i ++) {
//                 int[] curNode = queue.poll();
//                 if (0 == mat[curNode[0]][curNode[1]]) {
//                     return step;
//                 }
//                 for (int d = 0; d < directions.length; d ++) {
//                     int x = curNode[0] + directions[d][0];
//                     int y = curNode[1] + directions[d][1];
//                     if (x < 0 || x >= m || y < 0 || y >= n || visited[x][y]) {
//                         continue;
//                     }
//                     visited[x][y] = true;
//                     queue.offer(new int[]{x, y});
//                 }
//             }
//         } 

//         return step;
//     }
// }
// 超时版本


class Solution {

    private int[][] directions = new int[][]{
        {-1, 0}, {1, 0}, {0, 1}, {0, -1}
    };

    public int[][] updateMatrix(int[][] mat) {
        final int m = mat.length;
        final int n = mat[0].length;
        int step = 0;
        Queue<int[]> queue = new LinkedList<>();
        boolean[][] visited = new boolean[m][n];
        int[][] ans = new int[m][n];
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i ++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < n; j ++) {
                if (0 == mat[i][j]) {
                    queue.offer(new int[]{i, j});
                    visited[i][j] = true;
                }
            }
        }

        while (!queue.isEmpty()) {

            int size = queue.size();
            
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i ++) {
                int[] curNode = queue.poll();
                if (1 == mat[curNode[0]][curNode[1]]) {
                    ans[curNode[0]][curNode[1]] = step;
                }
                for (int d = 0; d < directions.length; d ++) {
                    int x = curNode[0] + directions[d][0];
                    int y = curNode[1] + directions[d][1];
                    if (x < 0 || x >= m || y < 0 || y >= n || visited[x][y]) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    visited[x][y] = true;
                    queue.offer(new int[]{x, y});
                }
            }
            step ++;
        } 

        return ans;
    }
}
841. 钥匙和房间

题解:

class Solution {
    public boolean canVisitAllRooms(List<List<Integer>> rooms) {
        final int n = rooms.size();
        boolean[] visited = new boolean[n];
        dfs(rooms, 0, visited);
        boolean ans = true;
        for (boolean v : visited) {
            ans = (ans && v);
        }
        return ans;
    }

    private void dfs(List<List<Integer>> rooms, int index, boolean[] visited) {

        visited[index] = true;

        List<Integer> nodes = rooms.get(index);
        for (Integer i : nodes) {
            if (!visited[i]) {
                dfs(rooms, i, visited);
            }
        }
    }
}
547. 省份数量

题解:

class Solution {
    public int findCircleNum(int[][] isConnected) {

        final int m = isConnected.length;
        boolean[] visited = new boolean[m];
        int sum = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < m; i ++) {
           if (!visited[i]) {
                visited[i] = true;
                sum ++;
                dfs(isConnected, visited, i);
            }     
        }

        return sum;
    }

    private void dfs(int[][] isConnected, boolean[] visited, int i) {
        final int n = isConnected.length;
        for (int j = 0; j < n; j ++) {
            if (!visited[j] && 1 == isConnected[i][j]) {
                visited[j] = true;
                dfs(isConnected, visited, j);
            }
        }
    }
}
131. 分割回文串

题解:

class Solution {
    public List<List<String>> partition(String s) {
        final int len = s.length();
        List<List<String>> res = new ArrayList<>();
        boolean[][] dp = new boolean[len][len];
        for (int right = 0; right < len; right ++) {
            for (int left = 0; left <= right; left ++) {
                if (s.charAt(left) == s.charAt(right) && (right - left <= 2 || dp[left + 1][right - 1])) {
                    dp[left][right] = true;
                }
            }
        }

        Deque<String> path = new ArrayDeque<>();
        dfs(s, 0, len, dp, path, res);
        return res;
    }

    private void dfs(String s, int start, int len, boolean[][] dp, Deque<String> path, List<List<String>> res) {

        if (start == len) {
            res.add(new ArrayList<>(path));
            return;
        }

        for (int i = start; i < len; i ++) {
            if (!dp[start][i]) {
                continue;
            }
            path.addLast(s.substring(start, i + 1));
            dfs(s, i + 1, len, dp, path, res);
            path.removeLast();
        }
    }
}
1091. 二进制矩阵中的最短路径

题解:

class Solution {

    private int[][] directions = new int[][]{
        {-1, -1}, {-1, 0}, {-1, 1},
        {0, -1}, {0, 1},
        {1, -1}, {1, 0}, {1, 1}
    };

    public int shortestPathBinaryMatrix(int[][] grid) {
        final int m = grid.length;
        final int n = grid[0].length;
        Queue<int[]> queue = new LinkedList<>();
        if (1 == grid[0][0] || 1 == grid[m - 1][n - 1]) {
            return -1;
        }
        boolean[][] visited = new boolean[m][n];
        queue.offer(new int[]{0, 0});
        visited[0][0] = true;
        int step = 0;

        while (!queue.isEmpty()) {
            int size = queue.size();
            step ++;
            for (int i = 0; i < size; i ++) {
                int[] curNode = queue.poll();
                int x = curNode[0];
                int y = curNode[1];
                if (x == m - 1 && y == n - 1) {
                    return step;
                }
                for (int d = 0; d < directions.length; d ++) {
                    int curX = x + directions[d][0];
                    int curY = y + directions[d][1];
                    
                    if (curX < 0 || curX >= m || curY < 0 || curY >= n || visited[curX][curY] || 1 == grid[curX][curY]) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    visited[curX][curY] = true;
                    queue.offer(new int[]{curX, curY});
                }
            }
            
        }

        return -1;
    }
}
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