JUC工具类CountDownLatch

1. CountDownLatch

CountDownLatch 是JUC提供的一个同步工具类，允许一个或者多个线程一直等待，直到其他线程的操作都执行完成之后再继续往下执行。CountDownLatch是通过“共享锁”实现的。在创建CountDownLatch中时，会传递一个int类型参数count，该参数是“锁计数器”的初始状态，表示该“共享锁”最多能被count个线程同时获取。当某线程调用该CountDownLatch对象的await()方法时，该线程会等待“共享锁”可用时，才能获取“共享锁”进而继续运行。而“共享锁”可用的条件，就是“锁计数器”的值为0！而“锁计数器”的初始值为count，每当一个线程调用该CountDownLatch对象的countDown()方法时，才将“锁计数器”-1；通过这种方式，必须有count个线程调用countDown()之后，“锁计数器”才为0，等待线程才能继续运行！

**使用场景：**在一些应用场合中，需要等待某个条件达到要求后才能做后面的事情；同时当线程都完成后也会触发事件，以便进行后面的操作。 这个时候就可以使用CountDownLatch。CountDownLatch最重要的方法是countDown()和await()，前者主要是计数减一，后者是等待计数到0，如果没有到达0，就继续阻塞等待。

package com.lchtest.juc.assistant;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import static java.lang.Thread.sleep;

public class CountDownLatchTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        // 计数的初始值，要执行任务的线程的数量
        CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(6);
        for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i ++){
            new Thread( () -> {
                try {
                    sleep(new Random().nextInt(100));
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "号同学离开了教室.");
                latch.countDown();   // 每个子线程完成自己的工作后，计数减1
            }, String.valueOf(i)).start();
        }
        // 在计数不为0的时候，主线程一直等待
        latch.await();
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 班长锁门了");
    }
}

场景案例2： 三个线程共同拉取一块数据，每个线程拉取数据块的一部分，等到所有线程的数据都拉取过来之后，另一个处理线程再开始这个数据块。

package com.lchtest.juc.assistant;

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
// 下载线程
public class Downloader implements Runnable {
    private CountDownLatch latch;
    private String downloaderName;
    public Downloader(CountDownLatch latch, String downloaderName){
        this.downloaderName = downloaderName;
        this.latch = latch;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        this.download();
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(new Random().nextInt(10));
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            System.out.println("Thread interrupt status: " + Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted());
        }
        System.out.println(this.downloaderName + "下载完成...");
        this.latch.countDown(); // 当前子任务执行完，计数减1
    }

    private void download() {
        System.out.println(this.downloaderName + "正在下载文件...");
    }
}

package com.lchtest.juc.assistant;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
public class DataProcessor implements Runnable {
    private CountDownLatch latch;
    public DataProcessor(CountDownLatch latch) {
        this.latch = latch;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("等待下载完数据...");
        try {
            this.latch.await();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            System.out.println("Thread interrupt status: " + Thread.currentThread().isInterrupted());
        }
        System.out.println("数据下载完成, 开始处理数据...");
    }
}

package com.lchtest.juc.assistant;

import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class CountDownLatchDataProcess {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(4);
        CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(3);
        Downloader downloader1 = new Downloader(latch, "下载线程1");
        Downloader downloader2 = new Downloader(latch, "下载线程2");
        Downloader downloader3 = new Downloader(latch, "下载线程3");
        DataProcessor dataProcessor = new DataProcessor(latch);
        executorService.execute(downloader1);
        executorService.execute(downloader2);
        executorService.execute(downloader3);
        executorService.execute(dataProcessor);
        executorService.shutdown();

    }
}

执行效果：

CountDownLatch原理图解参考https://www.itzhai.com/articles/graphical-several-fun-concurrent-helper-classes.html
CountDownLatch源码分析参考 https://www.cnblogs.com/skywang12345/p/3533887.html