java 网络编程

1.网络编程概述

package com.yl.pdfdemo.day08.p5;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

/**
 * @Author wfj
 * @Date 2021/7/1
 * @Description 网络编程概述
 * @Version 1.0
 */

public class InternetTest {
    /**
     * OSI参考模型              TCP/IP参考模型              TCP/IP参考模型各层对应协议
     *  应用层                     应用层                     HTTP,FTP,Telnet,DNS...
     *  表示层                     传输层                     TCP,UDP...
     *  会话层                     网络层                     IP,ICMP,ARP...
     *  传输层                     物理+数据链路层             link
     *  网络层
     *  数据链路层
     *  物理层
     *
     *  网络通信的要素一： IP 和端口号
     *  在java中，使用InetAddress类代表IP
     *  端口号：计算机上正在运行的进程
     *  ip地址和端口号组合得出一个网络套接字： Socket
     *
     *  网络通信的要素二：协议
     *  TCP协议：
     *      1.使用TCP协议之前，需建立TCP连接,形成数据传输通道
     *      2.传输数据之前，采用“三次握手”方式，点对点通信，是可靠的
     *      3.TCP协议进行通信的两个应用进程：客户端，服务端
     *      4.在连接中可进行大数据传输
     *      5.传输完毕，需释放已建立的连接，效率低
     *
     *  UDP协议:
     *      1.将数据，源，目的封装成数据包，不需要建立连接
     *      2.每个数据报的大小限制在64kb内
     *      3.发送不管对方是否准备好，接受方收到也不会确认，故是不可靠的
     *      4.可以广播发送
     *      5.发送数据结束时无需释放资源，开销小，速度快
     */

    @Test
    public void test1() {
        try {
            InetAddress inte1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            //通过域名获取ip
            InetAddress inet2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
            //获取本地ip
            InetAddress inet3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            //获取域名
            String hostName = inet2.getHostName();
            //获取ip
            String hostAddress = inet2.getHostAddress();
            System.out.println(inte1);// /127.0.0.1
            System.out.println(inet2);// www.baidu.com/14.215.177.38
            System.out.println(inet3);// LAPTOP-IJGVLVU7/192.168.80.28
            System.out.println(hostName); // www.baidu.com
            System.out.println(hostAddress); // 14.215.177.38
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

2.TCP三次握手

3.TCP网络编程
1）

package com.yl.pdfdemo.day08.p5;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * @Author wfj
 * @Date 2021/7/1
 * @Description TCP例子1:客户端发送信息给服务端，服务端将数据显示在控制台上
 * @Version 1.0
 */

public class TcpTest1 {

    //客户端
    @Test
    public void test1() {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        try {
            InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            //1.创建socket对象，指明服务端的ip和端口号
            socket = new Socket(inet,8899);
            //2.获取输出流
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            //3.写出数据
            os.write("客户端：hello java vue".getBytes());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //关闭流
            if (os != null) {
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    //服务端
    @Test
    public void test2() {
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ServerSocket ss = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
        try {
            //1.创建ServerSocket
            ss = new ServerSocket(8899);
            //2.调用accept()方法，获取客户端的socket
            socket = ss.accept();
            //3.获取输入流
            is = socket.getInputStream();
            //为了防止乱码，可以用ByteArrayOutputStream,相当于将所有读到得数据都存到一个数组里
            baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] bytes = new byte[5];
            int len;
            //4.读取数据
            while((len = is.read(bytes)) != -1) {
                baos.write(bytes,0,len);
            }
            System.out.println(baos.toString());
            System.out.println("接收到来自客户端:"+socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress()+"的消息");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //关闭流
            if (is != null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (ss != null) {
                try {
                    ss.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (baos != null) {
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

        }
    }
}

2）

package com.yl.pdfdemo.day08.p5;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * @Author wfj
 * @Date 2021/7/1
 * @Description Tcp练习2:客户端发送文件给服务端，服务端将文件保存到本地
 * @Version 1.0
 */

public class TcpTest2 {

    //客户端
    @Test
    public void test1() {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        BufferedInputStream bis = null;
        try {
            //创建客户端socket
            socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1",9977);
            //获取输出流
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            //创建图片的输入流
            bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File("D:\\test\\test1\\22.jpg")));
            //读取数据
            byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while((len = bis.read(bytes)) != -1) {
                //写出数据
                os.write(bytes,0,len);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //关闭流
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (os != null) {
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (bis != null) {
                try {
                    bis.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    //服务端
    @Test
    public void test2() {
        ServerSocket ss = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        BufferedOutputStream bos = null;
        try {
            //创建服务端Socket
            ss = new ServerSocket(9977);
            //获取客户端Socket
            socket = ss.accept();
            //获取输入流
            is = socket.getInputStream();
            //创建输出流
            bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(new File("D:\\test\\test1\\qq22.jpg")));
            //读取数据
            byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = is.read(bytes)) != -1) {
                //写出数据
                bos.write(bytes,0,len);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //关闭流
            if (ss != null) {
                try {
                    ss.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (is != null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (bos != null) {
                try {
                    bos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

3）

package com.yl.pdfdemo.day08.p5;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;

/**
 * @Author wfj
 * @Date 2021/7/1
 * @Description Tcp练习3 从客户端发送文件给服务端，服务端保存到本地，并返回“发送成功”给客户端，并且关闭相关连接
 * @Version 1.0
 */

public class TcpTest3 {

    //客户端
    @Test
    public void test1() {
        Socket socket = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        BufferedInputStream bis = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
        try {
            //创建客户端socket
            socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1",9977);
            //获取输出流
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            //创建图片的输入流
            bis = new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(new File("D:\\test\\test1\\22.jpg")));
            //读取数据
            byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while((len = bis.read(bytes)) != -1) {
                //写出数据
                os.write(bytes,0,len);
            }

            //注意，写出数据之后，服务端一直循环读数据，这里没有明确标识数据已写出完毕，故那边会一直在读，程序不会继续往下走
            //关闭数据写出
            socket.shutdownOutput();


            //接收来自服务端的消息，并在控制台显示
            is = socket.getInputStream();
            //为了防止出现乱码，使用ByteArrayOuputStream
            baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
            int len1;
            while ((len1 = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
                baos.write(buffer,0,len1);
            }
            System.out.println(baos.toString());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //关闭流
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (os != null) {
                try {
                    os.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (bis != null) {
                try {
                    bis.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (baos != null) {
                try {
                    baos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (is != null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    //服务端
    @Test
    public void test2() {
        ServerSocket ss = null;
        Socket socket = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        BufferedOutputStream bos = null;
        OutputStream os = null;
        try {
            //创建服务端Socket
            ss = new ServerSocket(9977);
            //获取客户端Socket
            socket = ss.accept();
            //获取输入流
            is = socket.getInputStream();
            //创建输出流
            bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(new File("D:\\test\\test1\\qqq22.jpg")));
            //读取数据
            byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = is.read(bytes)) != -1) {
                //写出数据
                bos.write(bytes,0,len);
            }

            System.out.println("文件发送成功");

            //服务给客户端反馈信息
            os = socket.getOutputStream();
            os.write("发送文件成功-来自于服务端的消息".getBytes());

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            //关闭流
            if (ss != null) {
                try {
                    ss.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (socket != null) {
                try {
                    socket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (is != null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (bos != null) {
                try {
                    bos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

4.UDP网络编程

package com.yl.pdfdemo.day08.p5;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;

/**
 * @Author wfj
 * @Date 2021/7/2
 * @Description UDP协议网络编程例子
 * @Version 1.0
 */

public class UdpTest {

    //发送端
    @Test
    public void test1() {
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = null;
        try {
            //创建Socket
            datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket();
            String str = "hello vue";
            byte[] data = str.getBytes();
            InetAddress inet = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
            DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(data,0,data.length,inet,9097);

            //发送数据包
            datagramSocket.send(datagramPacket);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (datagramSocket != null) {
                try {
                    datagramSocket.close();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    //接收端
    @Test
    public void test2() {
        DatagramSocket datagramSocket = null;
        try {
            datagramSocket = new DatagramSocket(9097);
            byte [] bufer = new byte[1024];
            DatagramPacket datagramPacket = new DatagramPacket(bufer,0,bufer.length);
            datagramSocket.receive(datagramPacket);
            System.out.println(new String(datagramPacket.getData(),0,datagramPacket.getLength()));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (datagramSocket != null) {
                try {
                    datagramSocket.close();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

5.URL网络编程

package com.yl.pdfdemo.day08.p5;

import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;

/**
 * @Author wfj
 * @Date 2021/7/2
 * @Description URL网络编程
 * @Version 1.0
 */

public class UrlTest {
    /**
     * 1.URL:统一资源定位符，对应着互联网的某一资源地址
     * 2.格式：http://localhost:8080/user/selectById?id = 1
     *        协议    主机名     端口号     资源地址    参数列表
     */

    //URL一些常用方法
    @Test
    public void test1() throws Exception{
        URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/user/selectById?id = 1");
        //获取协议名
        System.out.println(url.getProtocol());// http
        //获取该url的主机名
        System.out.println(url.getHost());// localhost
        //获取该url的端口号
        System.out.println(url.getPort());// 8080
        //获取该url的文件路径
        System.out.println(url.getPath());// /user/selectById
        //获取该url的文件名
        System.out.println(url.getFile());// /user/selectById?id = 1
        //获取该url的查询名
        System.out.println(url.getQuery());// id = 1
    }

    //把一张图片放到tomcat目录下，启动tomcat,下载那张图片
    @Test
    public void test2() {
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection = null;
        InputStream is = null;
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        try {
            URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/img/11.jpg");
            urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
            urlConnection.connect();
            is = urlConnection.getInputStream();
            fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("D:\\test\\test1\\pp.jpg"));
            byte [] bytes = new byte[1024];
            int len;
            while ((len = is.read(bytes)) != -1) {
                fos.write(bytes,0,len);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            if (is != null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (fos != null) {
                try {
                    fos.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
            if (urlConnection != null) {
                try {
                    urlConnection.disconnect();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }
}