QTcpSocket和QTcpServer的理解和使用

TCP 协议是一种面向连接的、可靠的、基于字节流的传输层通信协议，通过三次握手来建立可靠的连接。

TCP连接是双向的，断开时经历四次挥手，在四次挥手中，前两次挥手用于断开一个方向的连接，后两次挥手用于断开另一方向的连接。

QTcpSocket 继承自QAbstractSocket 类，用于建立 TCP 连接并传输数据流。
QTcpServer 服务端通过 nextPendingConnection() 接口获取到建立了 TCP 连接的 QTcpSocket 对象。
客户端在创建好 QTcpSocket 对象后，调用 connectToHost() 连接到服务端

服务端代码如下：

.h
class ServerProject : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    ServerProject(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~ServerProject();
    void iniServer();
    void closeServer();
private slots:
    void on_listenBtn_clicked();
    void on_sendBtn_clicked();
    void newConnectionSlot();
    void readyReadSlot();
private:
    Ui::ServerProjectClass ui;
	QTcpServer* m_server;
    QTcpSocket* m_socket;
};
.cpp
ServerProject::ServerProject(QWidget *parent)
    : QWidget(parent)
{
    ui.setupUi(this);
    setWindowTitle("Server");
    iniServer();
}
ServerProject::~ServerProject()
{
	closeServer();
	if (m_socket != NULL) {
		delete m_socket;
		m_socket = NULL;
	}
}
void ServerProject::iniServer() {
	m_socket = NULL;
    m_server = new QTcpServer(this);
}
void ServerProject::closeServer() {
	m_server->close();
	if (m_socket == NULL) {
		return;
	}
	//断开与客户端的连接
	if (m_socket->state() == QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState) {
		m_socket->disconnectFromHost();
		if (m_socket->state() != QAbstractSocket::UnconnectedState) {
			m_socket->abort();
		}
	}
}
void ServerProject::on_listenBtn_clicked() {
	if (m_server->isListening()) {
		closeServer();
		//关闭server后恢复界面状态
		ui.listenBtn->setText("Listen");
		ui.addressEt->setEnabled(true);
		ui.portEt->setEnabled(true);
	}
	else {
		//可以使用 QHostAddress::Any 监听所有地址的对应端口
		const QString address_text = ui.addressEt->text();
		const unsigned short port = ui.portEt->text().toUShort();
		const QHostAddress address = (address_text == "Any")
			? QHostAddress::Any
			: QHostAddress(address_text);
		//开始监听，并判断是否成功
		if (m_server->listen(address, port)) {
			//连接成功就修改界面按钮提示，以及地址栏不可编辑
			ui.listenBtn->setText("Close");
			ui.addressEt->setEnabled(false);
			ui.portEt->setEnabled(false);
		}
		connect(m_server, &QTcpServer::newConnection, this, &ServerProject::newConnectionSlot);
	}
}
void ServerProject::newConnectionSlot() {
	if (m_server->hasPendingConnections())
	{
		//nextPendingConnection返回下一个挂起的连接作为已连接的QTcpSocket对象
		//套接字是作为服务器的子级创建的，这意味着销毁QTcpServer对象时会自动删除该套接字。
		//最好在完成处理后显式删除该对象，以避免浪费内存。
		//返回的QTcpSocket对象不能从另一个线程使用，如有需要可重写incomingConnection().
		m_socket = m_server->nextPendingConnection();
		ui.receiveEt->append("connected.........");
		connect(m_socket, &QTcpSocket::readyRead, this, &ServerProject::readyReadSlot);
	}
}
void ServerProject::readyReadSlot() {
	if (m_socket->bytesAvailable() <= 0)
		return;
	//注意收发两端文本要使用对应的编解码
	const QString recv_text = QString::fromUtf8(m_socket->readAll());
	ui.receiveEt->append(recv_text);
}

void ServerProject::on_sendBtn_clicked() {
	if (!m_server->isListening())
		return;
	//将发送区文本发送给客户端
	const QByteArray send_data = ui.sendEt->toPlainText().toUtf8();
	//数据为空就返回
	if (send_data.isEmpty())
		return;
	m_socket->write(send_data);
}

客户端代码如下：

.h
class ClientPro : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    ClientPro(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~ClientPro();
	//初始化client操作
	void initClient();
private slots:
    void on_connectBtn_clicked();
    void on_sendBtn_clicked();
    void connectedSlot();
    void disconnectedSlot();
    void readyReadSlot();
private:
    Ui::ClientProClass ui;
    QTcpSocket* m_client;
};
.cpp
ClientPro::ClientPro(QWidget *parent)
    : QWidget(parent)
{
    ui.setupUi(this);
    initClient();
}
ClientPro::~ClientPro()
{
	qDebug() << "~ClientPro()----------------------------";
	if (m_client->state() == QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState) {
		//如果使用disconnectFromHost()不会重置套接字，isValid还是会为true
		m_client->abort();
	}
}
void ClientPro::initClient() {
	//创建client对象
	m_client = new QTcpSocket(this);
}
void ClientPro::on_connectBtn_clicked() {
	if (m_client->state() == QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState) {
		//如果使用disconnectFromHost()不会重置套接字，isValid还是会为true
		m_client->abort();
	}
	else if (m_client->state() == QAbstractSocket::UnconnectedState) {
		//从界面上读取ip和端口
		const QHostAddress address = QHostAddress(ui.addressEt->text());
		const unsigned short port = ui.portEt->text().toUShort();
		//连接服务器
		m_client->connectToHost(address, port);
	}
	else {
		ui.receiveEt->append("It is not ConnectedState or UnconnectedState");
	}
	connect(m_client, &QTcpSocket::connected, this, &ClientPro::connectedSlot);
	connect(m_client, &QTcpSocket::disconnected, this, &ClientPro::disconnectedSlot);
	connect(m_client, &QTcpSocket::readyRead, this, &ClientPro::readyReadSlot);
}
void ClientPro::connectedSlot() {
	ui.connectBtn->setText("Disconnect");
	ui.addressEt->setEnabled(false);
	ui.portEt->setEnabled(false);
}
void ClientPro::disconnectedSlot() {
	ui.connectBtn->setText("Connect");
	ui.addressEt->setEnabled(true);
	ui.portEt->setEnabled(true);
}
void ClientPro::readyReadSlot() {
	if (m_client->bytesAvailable() <= 0)
		return;
	//注意收发两端文本要使用对应的编解码
	const QString recv_text = QString::fromUtf8(m_client->readAll());
	ui.receiveEt->append(recv_text);
}
void ClientPro::on_sendBtn_clicked() {
	if (!m_client->isValid())
		return;
	//将发送区文本发送给客户端
	const QByteArray send_data = ui.sendEt->toPlainText().toUtf8();
	//数据为空就返回
	if (send_data.isEmpty())
		return;
	m_client->write(send_data);
}