76_最小覆盖子串

"""
题目：给你一个字符串S、一个字符串T，请在字符串S里面找出：包含T所有字母的最小子串。
     示例：
     输入：S="ADOBECODEBANC", T="ABC
     输出："BANC"
"""


# 方法一 自己写的，但是leetcode上超时
def minWindow(s, t):
    m =0
    all_in = False

    if len(t)==0 or len(s)==0:
        return ""
    if len(t) > len(s):
        return ""

    minlength = len(t)

    str = []

    while True:
        for i in range(len(s)-minlength+1):
            left = i
            right = i + minlength
            for k in s[left:right]:
                str.append(k)

            for j in range(len(t)):
                for n in range(len(str)):
                    if t[j] == str[n]:
                        m += 1
                        str.pop(n)
                        break
                if m == len(t):
                    all_in = True
            str = []
            m = 0
            if all_in:
                return s[left:right]
        minlength += 1
        if minlength == len(s)+1:
            return ""


print(minWindow("ADOBECODEBANC", "r"))
print(minWindow("acbbaca", "aba"))


# 方法二 leetcode上的官方解法

from collections import Counter
def minWindow(s, t):

    if not t or not s:
        return ""
    dict_t = Counter(t)
    required = len(dict_t)      # t中不重复元素的个数
    filtered_s = []             # t中元素在s中出现的情况(位置, 值)
    for i, char in enumerate(s):
        if char in dict_t:
            filtered_s.append((i, char))
    l, r =0, 0
    formed = 0
    window_counts = {}

    ans = float("inf"), None, None

    while r < len(filtered_s):
        character = filtered_s[r][1]
        window_counts[character] =  window_counts.get(character, 0) +1

        if window_counts[character] == dict_t[character]:
            formed += 1                               # 直到t中出现的元素在滑动窗口中全有， 否则一直扩大滑动窗口

        while l <= r and formed == required:        # 判断窗口是否可以缩小，left右移
            character = filtered_s[l][1]

            end = filtered_s[r][0]
            start = filtered_s[l][0]
            if end - start + 1 < ans[0]:
                ans = (end - start + 1, start, end)

            window_counts[character] -= 1
            if window_counts[character] < dict_t[character]:
                formed -= 1
            l += 1
        r += 1

    return "" if ans[0] == float("inf") else s[ans[1]:ans[2]+1]


# print(minWindow("ADOBECODEBANC", "ABC"))
print(minWindow("acbbccd", "ad"))