【剑指 offer】(Java) 字符串的排列

输入一个字符串,按字典序打印出该字符串中字符的所有排列。例如输入字符串abc,则按字典序打印出由字符a,b,c所能排列出来的所有字符串abc,acb,bac,bca,cab和cba。

import java.util.*;
public class Solution {
    private String change (char[] a) {
        StringBuilder res = new StringBuilder();
        for (char value: a) {
            res.append(value);
        }
        return res.toString();
    }
    
    private void solve(char[] a, ArrayList<String> ans, int index, int length) {
        if (index == length - 1) {
            String res = change(a);
            ans.add(res);
        } else {
            for (int i = index; i < length; i++) {
                char tmp = a[i];
                a[i] = a[index];
                a[index] = tmp;
                solve(a, ans, index + 1, length);
                // 消除上一层递归的影响
                tmp = a[i];
                a[i] = a[index];
                a[index] = tmp;
            }
        }
        
    }
    
    public ArrayList<String> Permutation(String str) {
        char[] a = str.toCharArray();
        ArrayList<String> ans = new ArrayList<>();
        solve(a, ans, 0, a.length);
        // 去重
        ans = new ArrayList<String>(new HashSet<String>(ans));
        // 排序
        Collections.sort(ans);
        return ans;
    }
}