安卓opengl基本使用

创建program

        //创建着色器对象
        //顶点着色器（GL_VERTEX_SHADER）/片段着色器（GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER）
        int shader = glCreateShader(type);
        if (shader == 0) return 0;//创建失败
        //加载着色器源
        glShaderSource(shader, shaderSource);
        //编译着色器
        glCompileShader(shader);
        //检查编译状态
        int[] compiled = new int[1];
        glGetShaderiv(shader, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, compiled, 0);
        if (compiled[0] == 0) {
            Log.e(TAG, glGetShaderInfoLog(shader));
            glDeleteShader(shader);
            Log.e(TAG, "failed to compile shader");
            //编译失败
            return 0;
        }

        int program = glCreateProgram();
        if (program == 0){
            Log.e(TAG, "failed to create program");
        }
        //绑定着色器到程序
        glAttachShader(program, vertexShader);
        glAttachShader(program, fragmentShader);
        //连接程序
        glLinkProgram(program);
        //检查连接状态
        int[] linked = new int[1];
        glGetProgramiv(program,GL_LINK_STATUS, linked, 0);
        if (linked[0] == 0){
            glDeleteProgram(program);
            Log.e(TAG, "failed to link program");
            //link失败
            return 0;
        }

顶点shader source:

#version 300 es

layout (location = 0) in vec4 a_Position;
layout (location = 1) in vec2 a_texCoord;
uniform mat4 u_matrix;
uniform mat4 watermark_matrix;
out vec2 v_texCoord;
out vec2 watermark_texCoord;

void main()
{
    gl_Position = u_matrix * a_Position;
    watermark_texCoord = (watermark_matrix*vec4(a_texCoord.xy,1.0,1.0)).xy;
    v_texCoord = a_texCoord;
}

片段shader source:

#version 300 es
precision mediump float;

in vec2 v_texCoord;
in vec2 watermark_texCoord;
out vec4 outColor;
uniform sampler2D s_texture;
uniform sampler2D textureLUT;
uniform sampler2D bgtexture;
uniform sampler2D watermarktexture;
uniform int colorFlag;//滤镜类型
uniform int viewType;//绿布背景替换显示，水印显示，等

//rgb转hsl
vec3 rgb2hsl(vec3 color){
    vec4 K = vec4(0.0, -1.0 / 3.0, 2.0 / 3.0, -1.0);
    vec4 p = mix(vec4(color.bg, K.wz), vec4(color.gb, K.xy), step(color.b, color.g));
    vec4 q = mix(vec4(p.xyw, color.r), vec4(color.r, p.yzx), step(p.x, color.r));

    float d = q.x - min(q.w, q.y);
    float e = 1.0e-10;
    return vec3(abs(q.z + (q.w - q.y) / (6.0 * d + e)), d / (q.x + e), q.x);
}

//hsl转rgb
vec3 hsl2rgb(vec3 color){
    vec4 K = vec4(1.0, 2.0 / 3.0, 1.0 / 3.0, 3.0);
    vec3 p = abs(fract(color.xxx + K.xyz) * 6.0 - K.www);
    return color.z * mix(K.xxx, clamp(p - K.xxx, 0.0, 1.0), color.y);
}

//灰度
void grey(inout vec4 color){
    float weightMean = color.r * 0.3 + color.g * 0.59 + color.b * 0.11;
    color.r = color.g = color.b = weightMean;
}

//黑白
void blackAndWhite(inout vec4 color){
    float threshold = 0.5;
    float mean = (color.r + color.g + color.b) / 3.0;
    color.r = color.g = color.b = mean >= threshold ? 1.0 : 0.0;
}

//反向
void reverse(inout vec4 color){
    color.r = 1.0 - color.r;
    color.g = 1.0 - color.g;
    color.b = 1.0 - color.b;
}

//亮度
void light(inout vec4 color){
    vec3 hslColor = vec3(rgb2hsl(color.rgb));
    hslColor.z += 0.15;
    color = vec4(hsl2rgb(hslColor), color.a);
}

void light2(inout vec4 color){
    color.r += 0.15;
    color.g += 0.15;
    color.b += 0.15;
}

//查找表滤镜
vec4 lookupTable(vec4 color){
    float blueColor = color.b * 63.0;

    vec2 quad1;
    quad1.y = floor(floor(blueColor) / 8.0);
    quad1.x = floor(blueColor) - (quad1.y * 8.0);
    vec2 quad2;
    quad2.y = floor(ceil(blueColor) / 8.0);
    quad2.x = ceil(blueColor) - (quad2.y * 8.0);

    vec2 texPos1;
    texPos1.x = (quad1.x * 0.125) + 0.5/512.0 + ((0.125 - 1.0/512.0) * color.r);
    texPos1.y = (quad1.y * 0.125) + 0.5/512.0 + ((0.125 - 1.0/512.0) * color.g);
    vec2 texPos2;
    texPos2.x = (quad2.x * 0.125) + 0.5/512.0 + ((0.125 - 1.0/512.0) * color.r);
    texPos2.y = (quad2.y * 0.125) + 0.5/512.0 + ((0.125 - 1.0/512.0) * color.g);
    vec4 newColor1 = texture(textureLUT, texPos1);
    vec4 newColor2 = texture(textureLUT, texPos2);
    vec4 newColor = mix(newColor1, newColor2, fract(blueColor));
    return vec4(newColor.rgb, color.w);
}

//色调分离
void posterization(inout vec4 color){
    //计算灰度值
    float grayValue = color.r * 0.3 + color.g * 0.59 + color.b * 0.11;
    //转换到hsl颜色空间
    vec3 hslColor = vec3(rgb2hsl(color.rgb));
    //根据灰度值区分阴影和高光，分别处理
    if(grayValue < 0.3){
        //添加蓝色
        if(hslColor.x < 0.68 || hslColor.x > 0.66){
            hslColor.x = 0.67;
        }
        //增加饱和度
        hslColor.y += 0.3;
    }else if(grayValue > 0.7){
        //添加黄色
        if(hslColor.x < 0.18 || hslColor.x > 0.16){
            hslColor.x = 0.17;
        }
        //降低饱和度
        hslColor.y -= 0.3;
    }
    color = vec4(hsl2rgb(hslColor), color.a);
}
void filterBlue(inout vec4 tc){
    float r = tc.r * 255.0;
    float g = tc.g * 255.0;
    float b = tc.b * 255.0;

    if(g>140.0 && r<128.0 && b<128.0){
        tc.r =1.0;
        tc.g =1.0;
        tc.b =1.0;
         tc.a =0.0;
    }else{
     tc.a =1.0;
    }
}

vec4 replaceBlue(inout vec4 base , inout vec4 bg){
    vec4 tempColor;
    if(base.r == 1.0 && base.g == 1.0 && base.b == 1.0 && base.a == 0.0){
          //tempColor.r = base.a*base.r + bg.r * (1.0 - base.a);
          //tempColor.g = base.a*base.g + bg.g * (1.0 - base.a);
          //tempColor.b = base.a*base.b + bg.b * (1.0 - base.a);
          //tempColor.a = base.a;
       tempColor.r = bg.r;
       tempColor.g = bg.g;
       tempColor.b = bg.b;
       tempColor.a = bg.a;
    }else{
        tempColor.r = base.r;
        tempColor.g = base.g;
        tempColor.b = base.b;
        tempColor.a = base.a;
    }
    return tempColor;
}

vec4 addWaterMark(inout vec4 camera , inout vec4 watermark){
    float r = watermark.r + (1.0 - watermark.a) * camera.r;
    float g = watermark.g + (1.0 - watermark.a) * camera.g;
    float b = watermark.b + (1.0 - watermark.a) * camera.b;
    return vec4(r, g, b, 1.0);
}

void main(){
    vec4 tmpColor = texture(s_texture, v_texCoord);
    if (colorFlag == 1){ //灰度
        //filterBlue(tmpColor);
        if(viewType == 1){
                vec4 background = texture(bgtexture, v_texCoord);
                outColor = background;
                return;
        }else if(viewType == 2){
                 filterBlue(tmpColor);
                vec4 background = texture(bgtexture, v_texCoord);
                outColor = replaceBlue(tmpColor , background);
                return;
        }else if(viewType == 3){
                vec4 watermark = texture(watermarktexture, watermark_texCoord);
                outColor = addWaterMark( tmpColor , watermark);
                return;
        }else if(viewType == 4){
                outColor = tmpColor;
                return;
        }

        //vec4 background = texture(bgtexture, v_texCoord);
        //outColor = background;
        //outColor = replaceBlue(tmpColor , background);
        //vec4 watermark = texture(watermarktexture, watermark_texCoord);
        //outColor = addWaterMark( tmpColor , watermark);
        //outColor = watermark;
        return;
    } else if (colorFlag == 2){ //黑白
        blackAndWhite(tmpColor);
    } else if (colorFlag == 3){ //反向
        reverse(tmpColor);
    } else if (colorFlag == 4){ //亮度
        light(tmpColor);
    } else if(colorFlag == 5){ //亮度2
        light2(tmpColor);
    } else if(colorFlag == 6){//lut
        outColor = lookupTable(tmpColor);
        return;
    } else if(colorFlag == 7){//色调分离
        posterization(tmpColor);
    }

    outColor = tmpColor;
}

//将颜色值约束在[0.0-1.0] 之间
void checkColor(vec4 color){
    color.r=max(min(color.r, 1.0), 0.0);
    color.g=max(min(color.g, 1.0), 0.0);
    color.b=max(min(color.b, 1.0), 0.0);
    color.a=max(min(color.a, 1.0), 0.0);
}

关联属性值：

hVertex = glGetAttribLocation(program, VERTEX_ATTRIB_POSITION);
hMatrix = glGetUniformLocation(program, UNIFORM_MATRIX);
hTextureCoord = glGetAttribLocation(program, VERTEX_ATTRIB_TEXTURE_POSITION);
hTexture = glGetUniformLocation(program, UNIFORM_TEXTURE);

一些需要加载或设置的参数：

	    public static final float[] vertex ={
	            -1f,1f,0.0f,//左上
	            -1f,-1f,0.0f,//左下
	            1f,-1f,0.0f,//右下
	            1f,1f,0.0f//右上
	    };
	
	    public static final float[] textureCoord = {
	            0.0f,1.0f,
	            0.0f,0.0f,
	            1.0f,0.0f,
	            1.0f,1.0f
	    };
        bgTextureID = GLUtil.loadTextureFromFile("/sdcard/container.jpg");
        int[] nums =      GLUtil.loadTextureFromRes(R.drawable.icon_push_office);
        watermarkTextureID = nums[0];
        watermarkWidth = nums[1];//720
        watermarkHeight = nums[2];//1366
        xRatio = 720/(float)watermarkWidth;
        yRatio = 1366/(float)watermarkHeight;
        mWaterMarkMatrix = new float[]{
                xRatio,0,0,0,
                0,yRatio,0,0,
                0,0,1,0,
                0,0,0,1
        };
        //上面的
		public static int loadTextureFromFile(String path){
        //创建纹理对象
        int[] textureId = new int[1];
        //生成纹理：纹理数量、保存纹理的数组，数组偏移量
        glGenTextures(1, textureId,0);
        if(textureId[0] == 0){
            Log.e(TAG, "创建纹理对象失败");
        }
        //原尺寸加载位图资源（禁止缩放）
        BitmapFactory.Options options = new BitmapFactory.Options();
        options.inScaled = false;
        Bitmap bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeFile(path);
        if (bitmap == null){
            //删除纹理对象
            glDeleteTextures(1, textureId, 0);
            Log.e(TAG, "加载位图失败");
        }
        //绑定纹理到opengl
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureId[0]);
        //设置放大、缩小时的纹理过滤方式，必须设定，否则纹理全黑
        glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
        glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
        //将位图加载到opengl中，并复制到当前绑定的纹理对象上
        texImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, bitmap, 0);
        //释放bitmap资源（上面已经把bitmap的数据复制到纹理上了）
        bitmap.recycle();
        //解绑当前纹理，防止其他地方以外改变该纹理
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);
        //返回纹理对象
        return textureId[0];
    }

绘制：

    
	glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, frameBuffer[0]);
    glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_FRAMEBUFFER,GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0,GL_TEXTURE_2D, frameTexture[0], 0);

	glViewport(0,0,width,height);
    glUseProgram(program);
    glUniformMatrix4fv(hMatrix, 1, false, getMatrix(),0);
    glUniform1i(hColorFlag, COLOR_FLAG);
    glUniformMatrix4fv(watermatrixLoc, 1, false,getWaterMarkMatrix(),0);
    
    //bindTexture
    if (COLOR_FLAG == COLOR_FLAG_USE_LUT){
        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + 1);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, LUTTextureId);
        glUniform1i(hTextureLUT, 1);
    }
        if (COLOR_FLAG == 1) {
            /*glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0 + 1);
            glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, bgTextureID);
            glUniform1i(bgTexture, 1);*/
        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0+1);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D , bgTextureID);
        glUniform1i(bgTexture , 1);

        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0+2);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D , watermarkTextureID);
        glUniform1i(watermarkTextureLoc , 2);
    }
    
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(hVertex);
    glEnableVertexAttribArray(hTextureCoord);
    glVertexAttribPointer(hVertex,
            VERTEX_ATTRIB_POSITION_SIZE,
            GL_FLOAT,
            false,
            0,
            vertexBuffer);
    glVertexAttribPointer(hTextureCoord,
            VERTEX_ATTRIB_TEXTURE_POSITION_SIZE,
            GL_FLOAT,
            false,
            0,
            textureCoordBuffer);
            
    glClearColor(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);
    
    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN,0,vertex.length / 3);
    
    glDisableVertexAttribArray(hVertex);
    glDisableVertexAttribArray(hTextureCoord);

	glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, 0);

对Texture操作

    glGenTextures(exportTexture.length, exportTexture, 0);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, exportTexture[0]);
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, width, height, 0, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 		null);
    glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
    glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
    glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0);

	//将显存中的数据回传到内存中
	ByteBuffer exportBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(width * height * 4);//8888存储格式
    glReadPixels(0, 0, width, height, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, exportBuffer);

附上网上的一些资料 opengl内嵌函数和变量

1、uint CreateShader(enum type) : 创建空的shader object; type:
VERTEX_SHADER,

2、void ShaderSource(uint shader, sizeicount, const **string, const int
*length)：加载shader源码进shader object；可能多个字符串

3、void CompileShader(uint shader)：编译shader object；

shader object有状态 表示编译结果

4、void DeleteShader( uint shader )：删除 shader object;

5、void ShaderBinary( sizei count, const uint *shaders, enum
binaryformat, const void *binary, sizei length ): 加载预编译过的shader 二进制串；

6、uint CreateProgram( void )：创建空的program object， programe
object组织多个shader object，成为executable;

7、void AttachShader( uint program, uint shader )：关联shader
object和program object；

8、void DetachShader( uint program, uint shader )：解除关联；

9、void LinkProgram( uint program )：program object准备执行，其关联的shader
object必须编译正确且符合限制条件；

10、void UseProgram( uint program )：执行program object；

11、void ProgramParameteri( uint program, enum pname, int value )：
设置program object的参数；

12、void DeleteProgram( uint program )：删除program object；

13、shader 变量的qualifier:

默认：无修饰符，普通变量读写， 与外界无连接；

const：常量 const vec3 zAxis = vec3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);

attribute: 申明传给vertex shader的变量；只读；不能为array或struct；attribute vec4 position;

uniform: 表明整个图元处理中值相同；只读； uniform vec4 lightPos;

varying: 被差值；读写； varying vec3 normal;

in, out, inout;

14、shader变量的精度：

highp, mediump, lowp

15、shader内置变量：

gl_Position: 用于vertex shader, 写顶点位置；被图元收集、裁剪等固定操作功能所使用；

             其内部声明是：highp vec4 gl_Position;

gl_PointSize: 用于vertex shader, 写光栅化后的点大小，像素个数；

             其内部声明是：mediump float gl_Position;

gl_FragColor: 用于Fragment shader，写fragment color；被后续的固定管线使用；

              mediump vec4 gl_FragColor;

gl_FragData: 用于Fragment shader，是个数组，写gl_FragData[n] 为data n；被后续的固定管线使用；

              mediump vec4 gl_FragData[gl_MaxDrawBuffers];

gl_FragColor和gl_FragData是互斥的，不会同时写入；

gl_FragCoord: 用于Fragment shader,只读， Fragment相对于窗口的坐标位置 x,y,z,1/w; 这个是固定管线图元差值后产生的；z 是深度值; mediump vec4 gl_FragCoord;

gl_FrontFacing: 用于判断 fragment是否属于 front-facing primitive；只读；

                bool gl_FrontFacing;   

gl_PointCoord: 仅用于 point primitive; mediump vec2 gl_PointCoord;

16、shader内置常量：

const mediump int gl_MaxVertexAttribs = 8;

const mediump int gl_MaxVertexUniformVectors = 128;

const mediump int gl_MaxVaryingVectors = 8;

const mediump int gl_MaxVertexTextureImageUnits = 0;

const mediump int gl_MaxCombinedTextureImageUnits = 8;

const mediump int gl_MaxTextureImageUnits = 8;

const mediump int gl_MaxFragmentUnitformVectors = 16;

const mediump int gl_MaxDrawBuffers = 1;

17、shader内置函数：

一般默认都用弧度；

radians(degree) : 角度变弧度；

degrees(radian) : 弧度变角度；

sin(angle), cos(angle), tan(angle)

asin(x): arc sine, 返回弧度 [-PI/2, PI/2];

acos(x): arc cosine,返回弧度 [0, PI];

atan(y, x): arc tangent, 返回弧度 [-PI, PI];

atan(y/x): arc tangent, 返回弧度 [-PI/2, PI/2];



pow(x, y): x的y次方；

exp(x): 指数, log(x)：

exp2(x): 2的x次方， log2(x):

sqrt(x): x的根号； inversesqrt(x): x根号的倒数



abs(x): 绝对值

sign(x): 符号, 1, 0 或 -1

floor(x): 底部取整

ceil(x): 顶部取整

fract(x): 取小数部分

mod(x, y): 取模， x - y*floor(x/y)

min(x, y): 取最小值

max(x, y): 取最大值

clamp(x, min, max):  min(max(x, min), max);

mix(x, y, a): x, y的线性混叠， x(1-a) + y*a;

step(edge, x): 如 edge>x 0.0，否则1.0

smoothstep(edge0, edge1, x): threshod  smooth transition时使用。 edge0<=edge0时为0.0， x>=edge1时为1.0



length(x): 向量长度

distance(p0, p1): 两点距离， length(p0-p1);

dot(x, y): 点积，各分量分别相乘 后 相加

cross(x, y): 差积，x[1]*y[2]-y[1]*x[2], x[2]*y[0] - y[2]*x[0], x[0]*y[1] - y[0]*x[1]

normalize(x): 归一化， length(x)=1;

faceforward(N, I, Nref): 如 dot(Nref, I)< 0则N, 否则 -N

reflect(I, N): I的反射方向， I -2*dot(N, I)*N, N必须先归一化

refract(I, N, eta): 折射，k=1.0-eta*eta*(1.0 - dot(N, I) * dot(N, I)); 如k<0.0 则0.0，否则 eta*I - (eta*dot(N, I)+sqrt(k))*N



matrixCompMult(matX, matY): 矩阵相乘, 每个分量 自行相乘， 即 r[i][j] = x[i][j]*y[i][j];

                           矩阵线性相乘，直接用 *



lessThan(vecX, vecY): 向量 每个分量比较 x < y

lessThanEqual(vecX, vecY): 向量 每个分量比较 x<=y

greaterThan(vecX, vecY): 向量 每个分量比较 x>y

greaterThanEqual(vecX, vecY): 向量 每个分量比较 x>=y

equal(vecX, vecY): 向量 每个分量比较 x==y

notEqual(vecX, vexY): 向量 每个分量比较 x!=y

any(bvecX): 只要有一个分量是true， 则true

all(bvecX): 所有分量是true， 则true

not(bvecX): 所有分量取反



texture2D(sampler2D, coord): texture lookup

texture2D(sampler2D, coord, bias): LOD bias, mip-mapped texture

texture2DProj(sampler2D, coord):

texture2DProj(sampler2D, coord, bias):

texture2DLod(sampler2D, coord, lod):

texture2DProjLod(sampler2D, coord, lod):

textureCube(samplerCube, coord):

textureCube(samplerCube, coord, bias):

textureCubeLod(samplerCube, coord, lod):