Android学习笔记-广播机制

广播

1 接收系统广播

1.1 动态注册

动态注册广播接收器很灵活,但是必须在启动程序后才能接收到广播.

接收网络变化广播实例

mainActivity设置广播接收器

//要接收的内容
private IntentFilter intentFilter;
//广播接收器
private NetworkChangeReceiver networkChangeReceiver;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
  
    intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
    intentFilter.addAction("android.net.conn.CONNECTIVITY_CHANGE");

    networkChangeReceiver = new NetworkChangeReceiver();
    //注册接收器
    registerReceiver(networkChangeReceiver,intentFilter);
}

//继承广播接收器
private class NetworkChangeReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        //Toast.makeText(context,"network changes",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        //系统服务类
        ConnectivityManager connectivityManager = (ConnectivityManager)
                getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE);
        //网络实例
        NetworkInfo networkInfo = connectivityManager.getActiveNetworkInfo();
        //判断是否有网络
        if (networkInfo != null && networkInfo.isAvailable()){
            Toast.makeText(context,"network is avaiable",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }else{
            Toast.makeText(context,"network is unavailable",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        }
    }
}

AndroidMainfest.xml中注册监听网络变化的权限

<!--在manifest标签下-->
<!--    监听网络变化的权限-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />

1.2 静态注册

在new中选择other,再选择Broadcast Receiver.

Exported属性表示是否允许这个广播接收器接收本程序以外的广播,

Enabled属性表示是否启用这个广播接收器.

public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        // TODO: This method is called when the BroadcastReceiver is receiving
        // an Intent broadcast.
        Toast.makeText(context,"Boot Complet",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
//        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not yet implemented");

    }
}

AndroidMainfest.xml 中注册监听网络变化的权限

<!--    监听开机的权限-->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED"/>

AndroidMainfest.xml 中设置接收器的接收内容

<!--application下-->
<receiver
    android:name=".MyReceiver"
    android:enabled="true"
    android:exported="true">
    <!-- 接收广播的内容(开机)  -->
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED"/>
    </intent-filter>

</receiver>

2 发送自定义广播

静态注册接收器现在有严格规定

所以,得动态注册接收器接收自定义广播

1.在MainActivity中动态注册接收器

//动态注册接收器1
private BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context,"1",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
};
//动态注册接收器2
private BroadcastReceiver mReceiver2 = new BroadcastReceiver() {

    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context,"2",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
};
//要接收的广播
private IntentFilter intentFilter;

oncreate(){
    intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
    intentFilter.addAction("com.example.myapplication.MY_BROADCAST");
    //注册接收器
    registerReceiver(mReceiver,intentFilter);
    registerReceiver(mReceiver2,intentFilter);
}

2.发送广播

//自定义并发送广播
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("com.example.myapplication.MY_BROADCAST");
sendBroadcast(intent);

3.将广播发送改成sendOrderedBroadcast方法即可发送有序广播

//自定义并发送广播
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("com.example.myapplication.MY_BROADCAST");
sendOrderedBroadcast(intent,null);

abortBroadcast();//可以截断广播

3 使用本地广播

本地广播其他程序接收不到广播.

1.自定义本地广播接收器(内部类)

private class LocalReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast.makeText(context,"received local ",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}

2.MainActivity中自定义本地广播并发送

private IntentFilter intentFilter;

//自定义的接收器
private LocalReceiver localReceiver;
private LocalBroadcastManager localBroadcastManager;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    //获取localBroadcastManager实例对广播进行管理
    localBroadcastManager = LocalBroadcastManager.getInstance(this);
    Button button = findViewById(R.id.button);
    button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            //发送本地广播
            Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.myapplication.LOCAL_BROADCAST");
            localBroadcastManager.sendBroadcast(intent);
        }
    });
    //要接收的广播
    intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
    intentFilter.addAction("com.example.myapplication.LOCAL_BROADCAST");
    localReceiver = new LocalReceiver();
    //注册本地广播接收器
    localBroadcastManager.registerReceiver(localReceiver,intentFilter);;

}

@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
    super.onDestroy();

    localBroadcastManager.unregisterReceiver(localReceiver);
}

4 强制下线案例

本案例共两个界面, 登录界面和主界面

思路:

建立BaseActivity,每当activity聚焦时,便注册广播接收器,否则解除注册.继承了该类的活动在被聚焦时都会动态注册广播接收器.

1.活动处理工具ActivityCollector

public class ActivityCollector {
    private static List<Activity> activities = new ArrayList<>();
	//添加活动
    public static void addActivity(Activity activity){
        activities.add(activity);
    }
    //去掉活动
    public static void removeActivity(Activity activity){
        activities.remove(activity);
    }
    //销毁所有活动
    public static void finishAll(){
        for (Activity activity: activities){
            if (!activity.isFinishing()){
                activity.finish();
            }
        }
    }
}

2.BaseActivity

public class BasicActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private ForceOfflineReceiver receiver;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        ActivityCollector.addActivity(this);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction("com.example.myapplication.FORCE_OFFLINE");
        receiver= new ForceOfflineReceiver();
        //注册接收器
        registerReceiver(receiver,intentFilter);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        if (receiver != null){
            //解除注册
            unregisterReceiver(receiver);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        ActivityCollector.removeActivity(this);
    }
    //自定义广播接收器
    private class ForceOfflineReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(context);
            builder.setTitle("Warning");
            builder.setMessage("You are forced to be offline.Please try to login again.");
            builder.setCancelable(false);
            builder.setPositiveButton("OK", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                @Override
                public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                    //强制下线,删除所有活动,跳转到登录界面
                    ActivityCollector.finishAll();
                    
                    Intent intent = new Intent(context,LoginActivity.class);
                    context.startActivity(intent);
                }
            });
            builder.show();
        }
    }
}

3.登录界面login.xml(包含账号密码点击按钮)

<LinearLayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="60dp"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    >

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="90dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
        android:textSize="18sp"
        android:text="Account:"
        />
    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/account"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
        />
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="60dp"
    android:orientation="horizontal"
    >

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="90dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
        android:textSize="18sp"
        android:text="password:"
        />
    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/password"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_weight="1"
        android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"
        />
</LinearLayout>
<Button
    android:id="@+id/login"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="Login"/>

4.登录界面代码

public class LoginActivity extends BasicActivity {

    private EditText accountEdit;
    private EditText passwordEdit;
    private Button login;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_login);

        accountEdit = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.account);
        passwordEdit = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.password);
        login = (Button) findViewById(R.id.login);

        login.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                String account = accountEdit.getText().toString();
                String password = passwordEdit.getText().toString();

                if ("admin".equals(account)&& "123456".equals(password)){
                    //跳转到主界面
                    Intent intent = new Intent(LoginActivity.this,MainActivity.class);
                    startActivity(intent);
                }else {
                    Toast.makeText(LoginActivity.this,"invalid",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

5.MainActivity中强制下线代码

Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.forceOffline);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        //发送下线广播
        Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.myapplication.FORCE_OFFLINE");
        sendBroadcast(intent);
    }
});