Java中时间、时间戳与字符串之间的转换

时间戳定义为从格林威治时间1970年01月01日00时00分00秒起至现在的总秒数。因此，不管你处在地球上的哪个地方，任意时间点的时间戳都是相同的。这点有利于线上和客户端分布式应用统一追踪时间信息。但是不同的时区，当前时间戳对应的当前时间是不同的。

一张图说清楚转换规则：

/**
 * @author liuzhulin
 * @email 1392673190@qq.com
 * @desc 时间对象、时间戳、时间字符串互相转换
 * @create 2021/12/26
 */
public class TimeTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // 日期对象转字符串
        dateObjToStr(LocalDateTime.now());

        // 字符串转日期对象，秒
        String str = "2021-12-26 15:05:20";
        strToDateObj1(str);
        // 字符串转日期对象，毫秒
        String strMilli = "2021-12-26 15:05:20.123";
        strToDateObj2(strMilli);

        // 时间对象转时间戳
        LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.of(2021, 12, 26, 13, 12, 11, 234 * 1000000);
        dateObjToTimestamp(localDateTime);

        // 时间戳转转时间对象，秒
        int second = 1640495531;
        timestampToDateObj(second);
        // 时间戳转时间对象，毫秒
        String milliSecond = "1640495531234";
        long s = Integer.parseInt(milliSecond.substring(0, 10));
        int ms = Integer.parseInt(milliSecond.substring(10));
        timestampToDateObj(s, ms);

        // 日期字符串转时间戳，秒
        strToTimestamp(str);
        // 日期字符串转时间戳，毫秒
        strToMilliTimestamp(strMilli);

        // 时间戳转日期字符串
        timestampToStr(second);
        timestampToStr(second, ms);
    }

    private static void timestampToStr(long second, int ms) {
        LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.ofEpochSecond(second, ms * 1000000, ZoneOffset.of("+8"));
        String str = localDateTime.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS"));
        System.out.println(str);
    }

    private static void timestampToStr(long second) {
        LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.ofInstant(Instant.ofEpochSecond(second), ZoneId.systemDefault());
        String str = localDateTime.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
        System.out.println(str);
    }

    private static void strToMilliTimestamp(String milliSecond) {
        LocalDateTime localDateTime2 = LocalDateTime.parse(milliSecond, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS"));
        long ms = localDateTime2.toInstant(ZoneOffset.of("+8")).toEpochMilli();
        System.out.println(ms);
    }

    private static void strToTimestamp(String str) {
        LocalDateTime localDateTime1 = LocalDateTime.parse(str, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
        long second = localDateTime1.toEpochSecond(ZoneOffset.of("+8"));
        System.out.println(second);
    }

    private static void timestampToDateObj(long second, int milliSecond) {
        LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.ofEpochSecond(second, milliSecond * 1000000, ZoneOffset.of("+8"));
        System.out.println(localDateTime);
    }

    private static void timestampToDateObj(long second) {
        LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.ofInstant(Instant.ofEpochSecond(second), ZoneId.systemDefault());
        System.out.println(localDateTime);
    }

    private static void dateObjToTimestamp(LocalDateTime localDateTime) {
        // 精确到秒
        long second = localDateTime.toEpochSecond(ZoneOffset.of("+8"));
        System.out.println(second);
        // 精确到毫秒
        long milliSecond = localDateTime.toInstant(ZoneOffset.of("+8")).toEpochMilli();
        System.out.println(milliSecond);
    }

    private static void dateObjToStr(LocalDateTime dateTime) {
        // 秒
        String dateStr1 = dateTime.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
        System.out.println(dateStr1);
        // 毫秒
        String dateStr2 = dateTime.format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS"));
        System.out.println(dateStr2);
    }

    private static void strToDateObj2(String str) {
        LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.parse(str, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS"));
        System.out.println(localDateTime);
    }

    private static void strToDateObj1(String str) {
        LocalDateTime localDateTime = LocalDateTime.parse(str, DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));
        System.out.println(localDateTime);
    }
}