第二章、springcloud教程,nacos+feign实现服务之间调用,详细教程

内容介绍:

Ribbon

提供客户端的软件负载均衡算法。它基于Http和Tcp的客户端负载均衡,使得面向REST请求时变换为客户端的负载服务调用。

1.简单的轮询负载均衡
2.加权响应时间负载均衡
3.区域感知轮询负载均衡
4.随机负载均衡

Feign

  • Feign 伪装,就是将 RestTmplate 发送的http请求转化为接口进行访问
  • feign 作用就是简化开发,负载均衡,远程调用,容错(解决单点故障,提供服务的集群故障),降级(服务提供者停掉,消费者服务依然不受影响)
  • feign = ribbon + restTemplate= 负载均衡 + 远程网络请求
  • feign是声明式的web service客户端,它让微服务之间的调用变得更简单了,类似controller调用service。Spring Cloud集成了Ribbon,Eureka和nacos,可在使用Feign时提供负载均衡的http客户端

实例演示:

项目:

SpringCloudNacosProvider(生产者),SpringCloudNacosProviderApi(生产者api),SpringCloudNacosConsumer(消费者)
在这里插入图片描述

pom配置

父类pom加入:

	<properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-boot.version>2.3.2.RELEASE</spring-boot.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Hoxton.SR8</spring-cloud.version>
        <nacos.version>2.2.5.RELEASE</nacos.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${nacos.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

SpringCloudNacosProvider(生产者)pom加入:

	<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 引入SpringCloudNacosProviderApi -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>public</groupId>
            <artifactId>SpringCloudNacosProviderApi</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

SpringCloudNacosProviderApi(生产者api)pom加入:

	<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

SpringCloudNacosConsumer(消费者)pom加入:

	<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 引入SpringCloudNacosProviderApi -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>public</groupId>
            <artifactId>SpringCloudNacosProviderApi</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
            <scope>compile</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

项目配置

SpringCloudNacosProvider(生产者)

1.配置文件
server:
  port: 9527
spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-provider
  cloud:
    nacos:
      config:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
2.启动类
package com.nacos.provider;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;

@SpringBootApplication
//开启服务注册发现功能
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class NacosProviderApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(NacosProviderApplication.class);
    }
}

3.测试controller
package com.nacos.provider.interfaces.facade;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class ProviderTestController {
    //test
    @RequestMapping(value = "/helloNacos", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String dataListLabel() {
        log.info("[LabelController]-[dataListLabel]-[/data/list/label:begin]-[request]");
        return "hello nacos";
    }
}

SpringCloudNacosProviderApi(生产者api)

1.feign的api类
package com.nacos.provider.api.client;

import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

@FeignClient(name = "nacos-provider")
public interface ProviderTestApi {
    //test
    @RequestMapping(value = "/helloNacos", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String dataListLabel();
}

SpringCloudNacosConsumer(消费者)

1.配置文件
server:
  port: 9528
spring:
  application:
    name: nacos-consumer
  cloud:
    nacos:
      discovery:
        server-addr: 127.0.0.1:8848
#### feign
feign:
  client:
    config:
      default:
        connectTimeout: 20000
        readTimeout: 20000
  httpclient:
    connection-timeout: 20000
    connection-timer-repeat: 20000
    enabled: true
    max-connections: 200
    max-connections-per-route: 50
2.启动类
package com.nacos.consumer;

import com.nacos.provider.api.client.ProviderTestApi;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
//开启服务注册发现功能
@EnableDiscoveryClient
//开启feign调用功能
@EnableFeignClients(basePackages = {"com.nacos.provider.api"})
public class NacosConsumerApplication implements CommandLineRunner {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(NacosConsumerApplication.class);
    }

    //httpclient(根feign无关)
    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    //httpclient(根feign无关)
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    //feign调用生产者api
    @Autowired
    private ProviderTestApi providerTestApi;

    @Override
    public void run(String... args) throws Exception {
        //httpclient调用
//        String forObject = restTemplate.getForObject("http://nacos-provide/helloNacos", String.class);
//        System.out.println(forObject);

        //feign调用
        String forObject = providerTestApi.dataListLabel();
        System.out.println(forObject);
    }
}

测试

  • 启动nacos
  • 启动SpringCloudNacosProvider(生产者)
  • 启动SpringCloudNacosConsumer(消费者)
    日志显示:hello nacos ,说明调用生产者成功
    在这里插入图片描述

总结

  • SpringCloudNacosConsumer(消费者)和SpringCloudNacosProviderApi(生产者api),引入feign的包,
  • SpringCloudNacosProviderApi(生产者api)的clientapi接口类使用@feign注解,
  • SpringCloudNacosConsumer(消费者)启动类使用@EnableFeignClients 注解,开启feign调用功能。
  • 将SpringCloudNacosConsumer(消费者)的引入SpringCloudNacosProviderApi(生产者api)的jar
  • 就可以让SpringCloudNacosConsumer(消费者)通过SpringCloudNacosProviderApi(生产者api)的clientapi接口类调用SpringCloudNacosProvider(生产者)的接口

springcloud的其他组件教程学习可进入springcloud全家桶学习

全家桶连接地址

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