SpringMVC搭建

1.SpringMVC和struts2都属于表现层的框架，它是Spring框架的一部分，SpringMVC是Spring框架的一个模块。整体结构如下

2.SpringMVC框架

–.前端控制器 DispatcherServlet
作用:接受请求参数，相应结果，相当于转发器，不需要程序员开发，有了DispatcherServlet减少了其他组件之间的耦合度;
–处理器映射器 HandlerMapping
作用:根据请求的url查找Handler
–处理器适配器HandlerAdapter
作用：按照特定规则去执行Handler
–处理器Handler
作用：编写时按照HandlerAdapter的要求，这样适配器才能正确执行Handler
–.视图解析器ViewResolver
作用：进行视图解析，根据逻辑视图名解析成真正的视图
3.搭建环境
-》导入jar包

<dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
          <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
          <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
	      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
	      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
	      <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version>
	      <scope>test</scope>
     </dependency>
	<dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
      <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
      <version>1.1.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.2</version>
    </dependency>

-》配置前端控制器(web.xml)

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
        "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
        "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app version="3.0"
         xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">

  <!-- springmvc前端控制器 -->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <!-- 解决post传参乱码问题 -->
  <filter>
    <filter-name>characterEncoding</filter-name>
    <filter-class>
      org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter
    </filter-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>encoding</param-name>
      <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>characterEncoding</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

-》配置处理器适配器

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <!--开启注解扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.mvc"/>

    <!--配置注解的映射器和适配器-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>

    <!--处理器映射器(查找Handler)-->
    <!--
    <bean name="/user.action" class="com.mvc.controller.UserController"></bean>
    -->
    <!-- 配置处理器适配器（执行Handler，并返回ModelAndView） -->
   <!-- 
   <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>
   -->

    <!-- 配置视图解析器，解析jsp，默认使用jstl标签，需要导入jstl的jar包-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--设置前缀和后缀-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

-》编写实体类User，UserEx

public class User {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int age;
    。。。
}
public class UserEx {
    private int eid;
    private User user;
    。。。
}

-》编写Handler(UserController)

@Controller
public class UserController{

	//当请求为show.action，并且是POST请求时，才会执行下面的方法
    @RequestMapping(value = "/show.action",method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public ModelAndView show(UserEx user){
        List<UserEx> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(user);
        System.out.println(list.toString());
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
        mav.addObject("userList", list);
        mav.setViewName("user");
        return mav;
    }
    //可以选择使用重定向或者转发
    @RequestMapping("/show2.action")
    public void Show2(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        List<UserEx> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(new UserEx(1,new User(2,"?",15)));
        System.out.println(list.toString());
        request.setAttribute("userList",list);
        request.getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/user.jsp").forward(request,response);
    }
    //和show1类似，需要使用Model类保存信息
    @RequestMapping("/show3.action")
    public String show3(Model model){
        List<UserEx> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(new UserEx(3,new User(4,"✋",45)));
        System.out.println(list.toString());
        model.addAttribute("userList", list);
        return "user";
    }
    //Rest风格
    @RequestMapping("/show4/{id}/{name}.action")
    public String show4(@PathVariable int id, Model model,@PathVariable String name) {
        System.out.println(id);
        List<UserEx> list = new ArrayList<>();
        list.add(new UserEx(3,new User(4,"?",45)));
        System.out.println(list.toString());
        model.addAttribute("userList", list);
        return "user";
    }
}

-》测试

index.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@page isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="show.action" method="post">
    id:<input type="text" name="eid"/><br>
    ID:<input type="text" name="user.id"/><br>
    Name:<input type="text" name="user.name"/><br>
    Age:<input type="text" name="user.age"></br>
    <input type="submit"value="提交">
</form>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/show4/4396/tom.action">伪静态</a>
</body>
</html>

user.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@page isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>用户信息</h1>
<hr>
<table border="1" width="80%" align="center">
    <tr>
        <td>id</td>
        <th>ID</th>
        <th>姓名</th>
        <th>年龄</th>
    </tr>
    <c:forEach var="user" items="${userList}">
        <tr>
            <td>${user.eid}</td>
            <td>${user.user.id}</td>
            <td>${user.user.name}</td>
            <td>${user.user.age}</td>
        </tr>
    </c:forEach>
</table>
</body>
</html>

web目录