2017 MCM Problem C “Cooperate and navigate” 题目及翻译 美国大学生数学建模 美赛

2017 MCM Problem C “Cooperate and navigate” 题目及翻译 美国大学生数学建模 美赛

题目官网

https://www.comap.com/undergraduate/contests/mcm/contests/2017/problems/2017_MCM_Problem_C.pdf

题目

Problem C: “Cooperate and navigate”

Traffic capacity is limited in many regions of the United States due to the number of lanes of roads. For example, in the Greater Seattle area drivers experience long delays during peak traffic hours because the volume of traffic exceeds the designed capacity of the road networks. This is particularly pronounced on Interstates 5, 90, and 405, as well as State Route 520, the roads of particular interest for this problem.

Self-driving, cooperating cars have been proposed as a solution to increase capacity of highways without increasing number of lanes or roads. The behavior of these cars interacting with the existing traffic flow and each other is not well understood at this point.

The Governor of the state of Washington has asked for analysis of the effects of allowing self-driving, cooperating cars on the roads listed above in Thurston, Pierce, King, and Snohomish counties. (See the provided map and Excel spreadsheet). In particular, how do the effects change as the percentage of self-driving cars increases from 10% to 50% to 90%? Do equilibria exist? Is there a tipping point where performance changes markedly? Under what conditions, if any, should lanes be dedicated to these cars? Does your analysis of your model suggest any other policy changes?

Your answer should include a model of the effects on traffic flow of the number of lanes, peak and/or average traffic volume, and percentage of vehicles using self-driving, cooperating systems. Your model should address cooperation between self-driving cars as well as the interaction between self-driving and non-self-driving vehicles. Your model should then be applied to the data for the roads of interest, provided in the attached Excel spreadsheet.

Your MCM submission should consist of a 1 page Summary Sheet, a 1-2 page letter to the Governor’s office, and your solution (not to exceed 20 pages) for a maximum of 23 pages. Note: The appendix and references do not count toward the 23 page limit.

Some useful background information:

• On average, 8% of the daily traffic volume occurs during peak travel hours.
• The nominal speed limit for all these roads is 60 miles per hour. Mileposts are numbered from south to north, and west to east. Lane widths are the standard 12 feet.
• Highway 90 is classified as a state route until it intersects Interstate 5.
• In case of any conflict between the data provided in this problem and any other source, use the data provided in this problem.

Definitions:
milepost: A marker on the road that measures distance in miles from either the start of the route or a state boundary.
average daily traffic: The average number of cars per day driving on the road.
interstate: A limited access highway, part of a national system.
state route: A state highway that may or may not be limited access.
route ID: The number of the highway.
increasing direction: Northbound for N-S roads, Eastbound for E-W roads.decreasing direction: Southbound for N-S roads, Westbound for E-W roads.

翻译

问题C：“合作和导航”

在美国的许多地区，由于车道数量有限，交通容量往往有限。例如，在大西雅图，由于交通流量常常超过道路网络的设计容量，司机在高峰时段常遭遇长时间延误。这种情况在州际5号、90号、405号及州际520号公路上特别明显，这些公路尤其值得注意。

在不增加车道或道路数量的情况下，自动驾驶、合作驾驶汽车已被提出作为增加高速公路容量的解决方案。这些汽车与现有交通流将如何相互作用到现在还没有得到很好的刻画。

华盛顿州州长要求分析允许自动驾驶、合作驾驶汽车在Thurston, Pierce, King, and Snohomish的道路上行驶的影响。(请查看附加地图和Excel表)。特别是，当自动驾驶汽车的比例从10%上升到50%到90%时，影响会如何变化?平衡存在吗?是否存在一个影响显著变化的临界点?若临界点存在，在什么情况下应为这些汽车开辟专用车道?您对您模型的分析是否暗示了其他的政策变化?

您的模型应该刻画出车道数、高峰(peak)和/或平均交通容量，以及使用自动驾驶、合作驾驶的车辆比例对交通流的影响。同时，该模型应处理自动驾驶汽车之间的合作及自动驾驶与非自动驾驶汽车间的互动。（相关道路的数据见附件中Excel表）

您的MCM提交内容应包括1页的摘要表，1-2页的致州长办公室的信函以及您的解决方案（不超过20页），最多23页。注意：附录和参考不计入23页的限制。

一些有用的背景信息：

• 平均每天有8％的流量是在高峰时段。
• 所有这些道路的标称速度限制为每小时60英里。
• 里程标从南到北，从西到东。
• 车道宽度是标准的12英尺。
• 直到90号州际公路与5号州际公路相交，才将其划分为州际公路。
• 如果此问题中提供的数据与任何其他来源之间存在冲突，请使用此问题中提供的数据。

定义：
里程碑：道路上的一个标记，用于测量距路线起点或州边界的距离（英里）。
平均每日交通流量：每天在道路上行驶的平均汽车数量。
州际公路：有限通行的高速公路，部分国家体系。
状态路线：可能会或可能不会受到限制的州道。
路线ID：高速公路的编号。
上升方向：N-S道路为北行，E-W道路为东行；
下降方向：N-S道路向南，E-W道路为西行。