Hbase-APi Client的简单操作

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import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Connection;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ConnectionFactory;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Get;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Table;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Put;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Result;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.ResultScanner;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.Scan;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;

// Class that has nothing but a main.
// Does a Put, Get and a Scan against an hbase table.
// The API described here is since HBase 1.0.
public class MyLittleHBaseClient {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    // You need a configuration object to tell the client where to connect.
    // When you create a HBaseConfiguration, it reads in whatever you've set
    // into your hbase-site.xml and in hbase-default.xml, as long as these can
    // be found on the CLASSPATH
    Configuration config = HBaseConfiguration.create();

    // Next you need a Connection to the cluster. Create one. When done with it,
    // close it. A try/finally is a good way to ensure it gets closed or use
    // the jdk7 idiom, try-with-resources: see
    // https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/exceptions/tryResourceClose.html
    //
    // Connections are heavyweight.  Create one once and keep it around. From a Connection
    // you get a Table instance to access Tables, an Admin instance to administer the cluster,
    // and RegionLocator to find where regions are out on the cluster. As opposed to Connections,
    // Table, Admin and RegionLocator instances are lightweight; create as you need them and then
    // close when done.
    //
    Connection connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(config);
    try {

      // The below instantiates a Table object that connects you to the "myLittleHBaseTable" table
      // (TableName.valueOf turns String into a TableName instance).
      // When done with it, close it (Should start a try/finally after this creation so it gets
      // closed for sure the jdk7 idiom, try-with-resources: see
      // https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/essential/exceptions/tryResourceClose.html)
      Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf("myLittleHBaseTable"));
      try {

        // To add to a row, use Put.  A Put constructor takes the name of the row
        // you want to insert into as a byte array.  In HBase, the Bytes class has
        // utility for converting all kinds of java types to byte arrays.  In the
        // below, we are converting the String "myLittleRow" into a byte array to
        // use as a row key for our update. Once you have a Put instance, you can
        // adorn it by setting the names of columns you want to update on the row,
        // the timestamp to use in your update, etc. If no timestamp, the server
        // applies current time to the edits.
        Put p = new Put(Bytes.toBytes("myLittleRow"));

        // To set the value you'd like to update in the row 'myLittleRow', specify
        // the column family, column qualifier, and value of the table cell you'd
        // like to update.  The column family must already exist in your table
        // schema.  The qualifier can be anything.  All must be specified as byte
        // arrays as hbase is all about byte arrays.  Lets pretend the table
        // 'myLittleHBaseTable' was created with a family 'myLittleFamily'.
        p.add(Bytes.toBytes("myLittleFamily"), Bytes.toBytes("someQualifier"),
        Bytes.toBytes("Some Value"));

        // Once you've adorned your Put instance with all the updates you want to
        // make, to commit it do the following (The HTable#put method takes the
        // Put instance you've been building and pushes the changes you made into
        // hbase)
        table.put(p);

        // Now, to retrieve the data we just wrote. The values that come back are
        // Result instances. Generally, a Result is an object that will package up
        // the hbase return into the form you find most palatable.
        Get g = new Get(Bytes.toBytes("myLittleRow"));
        Result r = table.get(g);
        byte [] value = r.getValue(Bytes.toBytes("myLittleFamily"),
          Bytes.toBytes("someQualifier"));

        // If we convert the value bytes, we should get back 'Some Value', the
        // value we inserted at this location.
        String valueStr = Bytes.toString(value);
        System.out.println("GET: " + valueStr);

        // Sometimes, you won't know the row you're looking for. In this case, you
        // use a Scanner. This will give you cursor-like interface to the contents
        // of the table.  To set up a Scanner, do like you did above making a Put
        // and a Get, create a Scan.  Adorn it with column names, etc.
        Scan s = new Scan();
        s.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes("myLittleFamily"), Bytes.toBytes("someQualifier"));
        ResultScanner scanner = table.getScanner(s);
        try {
           // Scanners return Result instances.
           // Now, for the actual iteration. One way is to use a while loop like so:
           for (Result rr = scanner.next(); rr != null; rr = scanner.next()) {
             // print out the row we found and the columns we were looking for
             System.out.println("Found row: " + rr);
           }

           // The other approach is to use a foreach loop. Scanners are iterable!
           // for (Result rr : scanner) {
           //   System.out.println("Found row: " + rr);
           // }
         } finally {
           // Make sure you close your scanners when you are done!
           // Thats why we have it inside a try/finally clause
           scanner.close();
         }

         // Close your table and cluster connection.
       } finally {
         if (table != null) table.close();
       }
     } finally {
       connection.close();
     }
  }
}

注：Client是重量级的。
以上代码理解：Client是一个客户端，让我们能从Hbase中存取数据，但是并不能操作表，操作表需要使用Admin类。
实例化一个Client类之前，首先要实例话一个Configuration类，Configuration config = HBaseConfiguration.create();会直接读取hbase-site.xml和hbase-default.xml里面的配置，当然，你也可以通过Config.set(key,value)添加配置项。
有了Configuration类之后可以通过Connection connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(config);实例化connection类。Table table = connection.getTable(TableName.valueOf("myLittleHBaseTable"));实例化一个Table对象，指定了操作的表名，该Table对象只能操作“myLittleHBaseTable”
这个表，如果想操作其他表，需要实例化对应的Table对象。
向Hbase打数据时，采用Put类，Put p = new Put(Bytes.toBytes("myLittleRow"));实例化一个put类，其中“myLittleRow”为rowkey。p.add(Bytes.toBytes("myLittleFamily"), Bytes.toBytes("someQualifier"),Bytes.toBytes("Some Value"));指定操作的列簇和列以及value。table.put(p);往Hbase中插入数据。
get取数据类似，不再重复。
对于不指定rowkey的查询，需要使用scan类，同样需要指定列簇和列。