section32+33

引用module

比如有math.js

app.js里面可以写

const math = require('./math');//需要路径找到文件

如果math.js里面没有module.exports="hello" 这个 输出的是空的，不是我们想要的，有就输出hello 也能直接用exports

math.js

const add = (x, y) => x+y;

const PI =3.141592;

exports.add = add;

exports.PI = PI;

app.js

const math = require('./math');

console.log(math.PI)

requiring a directory

NPM(node package manager)

NPM is really two things:

a library of thousands of packages publishes by other developers that we can use for free!

a command line tool to easily install and manage those packages in our Node projects

npm install give-me-a-joke

const jokes = require('give-me-a-joke')

npm install colors

安装了后目标目录会有一个文件夹 node_modules

adding global packages

先安装cowsay

npm link cowsay

然后js文件里的require（“cowsay”）就能找到目标了

the all-improtant package.json

mkdir Artster
ls 
npm init// make a package.json

会让填写name version main“index.js” author等信息

然后确认后生成了package.json

json里的dependencies会记录安装了什么其他包

installing all dependencies for a project

注意node.modules文件不需要上传github

当在github上看到的时候，一般会有package.json文件。此时clone下来直接node .js会找不到文件

只需要npm install命令 系统就会自动找json文件 安装所有dependencies

language guesser challenge

猜语言游戏

npm i franc

GitHub - wooorm/franc: Natural language detection

const franc = requite("franc");
const langs = require("langs");
const colors = require("colors");

const input = process.argv[2];
const langCode = franc(input);

if(langCode == 'und') {
    console.log("sorry could not figure");
}else{
    const language = langs.where("3",langCode);
    concole.log(`our best guess is:${language.name}`.green)

section 33 creating servers with Express

Express is a framework for creating servers, using nodes

Express is a fast unopinionated, minimalist web framework for Node.js it helps us build web apps!

It is just an NPM package which comes with a bunch of methods and optional plugins that we can use to build web applications and APIs

Express helps us start up a server to listen for requests

parse incoming requests

match those requests to particular routes

craft our http response and associated content

什么事libraries和frameworks

library  when you use a library, you are in charge. you control the dlow of the application code and you decide when to use the library

framework:

with frameworks, the control is inverted the framework is in charge, and you are merely a participant! the framework tells you where to plug the code.

步骤

mkdir FirstApp
cd FirstApp
ls
npm init -y
npm i express
node index.js

index.js

const express = require("express");
const app = express()
//console.dir(app)

app.use(() => {
    console.log("we get the request")
})//只要有request就用这个

app.listen(3000, () =>{
    console.log("listening on port 3000")
})

this is only served locally on my machine. localhost:3000

app.use((req, res) => {
    console.log("we get the request")
    res.send("hello, we got your request.this is a response")
})//只要有request就用这个

routing: taking incoming requests and a path that is requested and matching that to some code in some response.

app.get('/', (req, res) => {
    res.send('this is the home page')
})

app.get('/r/:subreddit',(req, res) => {
    res.send("this is a subreddit")
})//这个规定了符合这个模式的都可以匹配这个

app.get('/cats',(req,res) => {
    console.log("cat request")
    res.send('meow')
})

app.get('*',(req,res) => {

    res.send('i dont know that path')
})//其他网址 注意不能放在最前面，否则之前的会被忽略了

app.get('/r/:subreddit',(req, res) => {
    const {subreddit }= req.params;
    res.send(`<h1>browsing the ${subreddit}`)
})
app.get('/r/:subreddit/:postId',(req, res) => {
    const {subreddit,postId }= req.params;
    res.send(`<h1>browsing  Post ID: ${postId} the ${subreddit}`)
})

这样访问 localhost:3000/r/gardening/323

就会输出PostID323 the gardening

Query Strings

app.get('search', (req, res) => {
    const {q } = req.query;
    res.send(`<h1>search for ${q}</h1>`)
})

localhost:300/search?q=dog

auto-restart with Nodemon

改动代码使自动restart server

npm install -g nodemon

这样运行的时候用nodemon index.js

而不是node index.js